/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

// Sep 14, 2000:
//  Fixed problem with namespace handling. Contributed by
//  David Blondeau <blondeau@intalio.com>
// Sep 14, 2000:
//  Fixed serializer to report IO exception directly, instead at
//  the end of document processing.
//  Reported by Patrick Higgins <phiggins@transzap.com>
// Aug 21, 2000:
//  Fixed bug in startDocument not calling prepare.
//  Reported by Mikael Staldal <d96-mst-ingen-reklam@d.kth.se>
// Aug 21, 2000:
//  Added ability to omit DOCTYPE declaration.

package org.apache.xml.serialize;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.Writer;

import org.apache.xerces.dom.DOMMessageFormatter;
import org.apache.xerces.util.NamespaceSupport;
import org.apache.xerces.util.SymbolTable;
import org.apache.xerces.util.XML11Char;
import org.apache.xerces.util.XMLChar;
import org.w3c.dom.DOMError;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

Implements an XML serializer supporting both DOM and SAX pretty serializing. For usage instructions see Serializer. 

If an output stream is used, the encoding is taken from the
output format (defaults to UTF-8). If a writer is
used, make sure the writer uses the same encoding (if applies)
as specified in the output format.
 The serializer supports both DOM and SAX. SAX serializing is done by firing SAX events and using the serializer as a document handler. DOM serializing is done by calling BaseMarkupSerializer.serialize(Document) or by using DOM Level 3 LSSerializer and serializing with LSSerializer.write, LSSerializer.writeToString. 
 If an I/O exception occurs while serializing, the serializer will not throw an exception directly, but only throw it at the end of serializing (either DOM or SAX's DocumentHandler.endDocument. 

For elements that are not specified as whitespace preserving,
the serializer will potentially break long text lines at space
boundaries, indent lines, and serialize elements on separate
lines. Line terminators will be regarded as spaces, and
spaces at beginning of line will be stripped.
Author:
Assaf Arkin, Rahul Srivastava, Elena Litani IBM
See Also:
Serializer
Deprecated:
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended 
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation 
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML. See the Xerces documentation for more 
information.
Version:
$Revision: 476047 $ $Date: 2006-11-17 09:57:45 +0530 (Fri, 17 Nov 2006) $/**
 * Implements an XML serializer supporting both DOM and SAX pretty
 * serializing. For usage instructions see {@link Serializer}.
 * <p>
 * If an output stream is used, the encoding is taken from the
 * output format (defaults to <tt>UTF-8</tt>). If a writer is
 * used, make sure the writer uses the same encoding (if applies)
 * as specified in the output format.
 * <p>
 * The serializer supports both DOM and SAX. SAX serializing is done by firing
 * SAX events and using the serializer as a document handler. DOM serializing is done
 * by calling {@link #serialize(Document)} or by using DOM Level 3  
 * {@link org.w3c.dom.ls.LSSerializer} and
 * serializing with {@link org.w3c.dom.ls.LSSerializer#write},
 * {@link org.w3c.dom.ls.LSSerializer#writeToString}.
 * <p>
 * If an I/O exception occurs while serializing, the serializer
 * will not throw an exception directly, but only throw it
 * at the end of serializing (either DOM or SAX's {@link
 * org.xml.sax.DocumentHandler#endDocument}.
 * <p>
 * For elements that are not specified as whitespace preserving,
 * the serializer will potentially break long text lines at space
 * boundaries, indent lines, and serialize elements on separate
 * lines. Line terminators will be regarded as spaces, and
 * spaces at beginning of line will be stripped.
 * 
 * @deprecated This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended 
 * that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation 
 * API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML. See the Xerces documentation for more 
 * information.
 * @author <a href="mailto:arkin@intalio.com">Assaf Arkin</a>
 * @author <a href="mailto:rahul.srivastava@sun.com">Rahul Srivastava</a>
 * @author Elena Litani IBM
 * @version $Revision: 476047 $ $Date: 2006-11-17 09:57:45 +0530 (Fri, 17 Nov 2006) $
 * @see Serializer
 */
public class XML11Serializer 
extends XMLSerializer {

    //
    // constants
    //

    protected static final boolean DEBUG = false;

    // 
    // data
    //

    // 
    // DOM Level 3 implementation: variables intialized in DOMSerializerImpl
    // 

    
stores namespaces in scope /** stores namespaces in scope */
    protected NamespaceSupport fNSBinder;

    
stores all namespace bindings on the current element /** stores all namespace bindings on the current element */
    protected NamespaceSupport fLocalNSBinder;

    
symbol table for serialization /** symbol table for serialization */
    protected SymbolTable fSymbolTable;    

    // is node dom level 1 node?
    protected boolean fDOML1 = false;
    // counter for new prefix names
    protected int fNamespaceCounter = 1;
    protected final static String PREFIX = "NS";

    
Controls whether namespace fixup should be performed during
the serialization. 
NOTE: if this field is set to true the following 
fields need to be initialized: fNSBinder, fLocalNSBinder, fSymbolTable, 
XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING, fXmlSymbol, fXmlnsSymbol, fNamespaceCounter.
/**
     * Controls whether namespace fixup should be performed during
     * the serialization. 
     * NOTE: if this field is set to true the following 
     * fields need to be initialized: fNSBinder, fLocalNSBinder, fSymbolTable, 
     * XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING, fXmlSymbol, fXmlnsSymbol, fNamespaceCounter.
     */
    protected boolean fNamespaces = false;

    
Constructs a new serializer. The serializer cannot be used without calling BaseMarkupSerializer.setOutputCharStream or BaseMarkupSerializer.setOutputByteStream first. /**
     * Constructs a new serializer. The serializer cannot be used without
     * calling {@link #setOutputCharStream} or {@link #setOutputByteStream}
     * first.
     */
    public XML11Serializer() {
        super( );
        _format.setVersion("1.1");
    }


    
Constructs a new serializer. The serializer cannot be used without calling BaseMarkupSerializer.setOutputCharStream or BaseMarkupSerializer.setOutputByteStream first. /**
     * Constructs a new serializer. The serializer cannot be used without
     * calling {@link #setOutputCharStream} or {@link #setOutputByteStream}
     * first.
     */
    public XML11Serializer( OutputFormat format ) {
        super( format );
        _format.setVersion("1.1");
    }


    
Constructs a new serializer that writes to the specified writer
using the specified output format. If format is null,
will use a default output format.
Params:
writer – The writer to use
format – The output format to use, null for the default/**
     * Constructs a new serializer that writes to the specified writer
     * using the specified output format. If <tt>format</tt> is null,
     * will use a default output format.
     *
     * @param writer The writer to use
     * @param format The output format to use, null for the default
     */
    public XML11Serializer( Writer writer, OutputFormat format ) {
        super( writer, format );
        _format.setVersion("1.1");
    }


    
Constructs a new serializer that writes to the specified output
stream using the specified output format. If format
is null, will use a default output format.
Params:
output – The output stream to use
format – The output format to use, null for the default/**
     * Constructs a new serializer that writes to the specified output
     * stream using the specified output format. If <tt>format</tt>
     * is null, will use a default output format.
     *
     * @param output The output stream to use
     * @param format The output format to use, null for the default
     */
    public XML11Serializer( OutputStream output, OutputFormat format ) {
        super( output, format != null ? format : new OutputFormat( Method.XML, null, false ) );
        _format.setVersion("1.1");
    }

    //-----------------------------------------//
    // SAX content handler serializing methods //
    //-----------------------------------------//


    public void characters( char[] chars, int start, int length )
        throws SAXException
    {
        ElementState state;

        try {
            state = content();

            // Check if text should be print as CDATA section or unescaped
            // based on elements listed in the output format (the element
            // state) or whether we are inside a CDATA section or entity.

            if ( state.inCData || state.doCData ) {
                int          saveIndent;

                // Print a CDATA section. The text is not escaped, but ']]>'
                // appearing in the code must be identified and dealt with.
                // The contents of a text node is considered space preserving.
                if ( ! state.inCData ) {
                    _printer.printText( "<![CDATA[" );
                    state.inCData = true;
                }
                saveIndent = _printer.getNextIndent();
                _printer.setNextIndent( 0 );
                char ch;
                final int end = start + length;
                for ( int index = start; index < end; ++index ) {
                    ch = chars[index];
                    if ( ch == ']' && index + 2 < end &&
                        chars[ index + 1 ] == ']' && chars[ index + 2 ] == '>' ) {
                        _printer.printText("]]]]><![CDATA[>");
                        index +=2; 
                        continue;
                    }
                    if (!XML11Char.isXML11Valid(ch)) {
                        // check if it is surrogate
                        if (++index < end) {
                            surrogates(ch, chars[index], true);
                        } 
                        else {
                            fatalError("The character '"+ch+"' is an invalid XML character"); 
                        }
                        continue;
                    }
                    if ( _encodingInfo.isPrintable(ch) && XML11Char.isXML11ValidLiteral(ch)) {
                        _printer.printText(ch);
                    } 
                    else {
                        // The character is not printable -- split CDATA section
                        _printer.printText("]]>&#x");                        
                        _printer.printText(Integer.toHexString(ch));                        
                        _printer.printText(";<![CDATA[");
                    }
                }
                _printer.setNextIndent( saveIndent );

            } 
            else {

                int saveIndent;

                if ( state.preserveSpace ) {
                    // If preserving space then hold of indentation so no
                    // excessive spaces are printed at line breaks, escape
                    // the text content without replacing spaces and print
                    // the text breaking only at line breaks.
                    saveIndent = _printer.getNextIndent();
                    _printer.setNextIndent( 0 );
                    printText( chars, start, length, true, state.unescaped );
                    _printer.setNextIndent( saveIndent );
                } 
                else {
                    printText( chars, start, length, false, state.unescaped );
                }
            }
        } 
        catch ( IOException except ) {
            throw new SAXException( except );
        }
    }

    //
    // overwrite printing functions to make sure serializer prints out valid XML
    //
    protected void printEscaped( String source ) throws IOException {
        int length = source.length();
        for ( int i = 0 ; i < length ; ++i ) {
            int ch = source.charAt(i);
            if (!XML11Char.isXML11Valid(ch)) {
                if (++i <length) {
                    surrogates(ch, source.charAt(i), false);
                } 
                else {
                    fatalError("The character '"+(char)ch+"' is an invalid XML character"); 
                }
                continue;
            }
            if (ch == '\n' || ch == '\r' || ch == '\t' || ch == 0x0085 || ch == 0x2028) {
                printHex(ch);
            } 
            else if (ch == '<') {
                _printer.printText("&lt;");
            } 
            else if (ch == '&') {
                _printer.printText("&amp;");
            } 
            else if (ch == '"') {
                _printer.printText("&quot;");
            } 
            else if ((ch >= ' ' && _encodingInfo.isPrintable((char) ch))) {
                _printer.printText((char) ch);
            } 
            else {
                printHex(ch);
            }
        }
    }

    protected final void printCDATAText(String text) throws IOException {
        int length = text.length();
        char ch;

        for (int index = 0; index < length; ++index) {
            ch = text.charAt(index);

            if (ch == ']'
                && index + 2 < length
                && text.charAt(index + 1) == ']'
                && text.charAt(index + 2) == '>') { // check for ']]>'
                if (fDOMErrorHandler != null){
                    // REVISIT: this means that if DOM Error handler is not registered we don't report any
                    // fatal errors and might serialize not wellformed document
                if ((features & DOMSerializerImpl.SPLITCDATA) == 0
                    && (features & DOMSerializerImpl.WELLFORMED) == 0) {
                    // issue fatal error
                    String msg =
                        DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(
                            DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN,
                            "EndingCDATA",
                            null);
                    modifyDOMError(
                        msg,
                        DOMError.SEVERITY_FATAL_ERROR,
                        null, fCurrentNode);
                    boolean continueProcess =
                        fDOMErrorHandler.handleError(fDOMError);
                    if (!continueProcess) {
                        throw new IOException();
                    }
                } else {
                    // issue warning
                    String msg =
                        DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(
                            DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN,
                            "SplittingCDATA",
                            null);
                    modifyDOMError(
                        msg,
                        DOMError.SEVERITY_WARNING,
                        null, fCurrentNode);
                    fDOMErrorHandler.handleError(fDOMError);
                }
                }
                // split CDATA section
                _printer.printText("]]]]><![CDATA[>");
                index += 2;
                continue;
            }

            if (!XML11Char.isXML11Valid(ch)) {
                // check if it is surrogate
                if (++index < length) {
                    surrogates(ch, text.charAt(index), true);
                } 
                else {
                    fatalError("The character '" + ch + "' is an invalid XML character");
                }
                continue;
            }
            if (_encodingInfo.isPrintable(ch)
                && XML11Char.isXML11ValidLiteral(ch)) {
                _printer.printText(ch);
            } 
            else {
                // The character is not printable -- split CDATA section
                _printer.printText("]]>&#x");
                _printer.printText(Integer.toHexString(ch));
                _printer.printText(";<![CDATA[");
            }
        }
    }

    // note that this "int" should, in all cases, be a char.
    // REVISIT:  make it a char...
    protected final void printXMLChar( int ch ) throws IOException {
        if (ch == '\r' || ch == 0x0085 || ch == 0x2028) {
            printHex(ch);
        } 
        else if ( ch == '<') {
            _printer.printText("&lt;");
        } 
        else if (ch == '&') {
            _printer.printText("&amp;");
        } 
        else if (ch == '>'){
            // character sequence "]]>" can't appear in content, therefore
            // we should escape '>' 
            _printer.printText("&gt;");
        } 
        else if ( _encodingInfo.isPrintable((char)ch) && XML11Char.isXML11ValidLiteral(ch)) { 
            _printer.printText((char)ch);
        } 
        else {
            printHex(ch);
        }
    }

    protected final void surrogates(int high, int low, boolean inContent) throws IOException{
        if (XMLChar.isHighSurrogate(high)) {
            if (!XMLChar.isLowSurrogate(low)) {
                //Invalid XML
                fatalError("The character '"+(char)low+"' is an invalid XML character"); 
            }
            else {
                int supplemental = XMLChar.supplemental((char)high, (char)low);
                if (!XML11Char.isXML11Valid(supplemental)) {
                    //Invalid XML
                    fatalError("The character '"+(char)supplemental+"' is an invalid XML character"); 
                }
                else {
                    if (inContent && content().inCData) {
                        _printer.printText("]]>&#x");                        
                        _printer.printText(Integer.toHexString(supplemental));                        
                        _printer.printText(";<![CDATA[");
                    }  
                    else {
						printHex(supplemental);
                    }
                }
            }
        } 
        else {
            fatalError("The character '"+(char)high+"' is an invalid XML character"); 
        }

    }

    protected void printText( String text, boolean preserveSpace, boolean unescaped )
    throws IOException {
        int index;
        char ch;
        int length = text.length();
        if ( preserveSpace ) {
            // Preserving spaces: the text must print exactly as it is,
            // without breaking when spaces appear in the text and without
            // consolidating spaces. If a line terminator is used, a line
            // break will occur.
            for ( index = 0 ; index < length ; ++index ) {
                ch = text.charAt( index );
                if (!XML11Char.isXML11Valid(ch)) {
                    // check if it is surrogate
                    if (++index <length) {
                        surrogates(ch, text.charAt(index), true);
                    } else {
                        fatalError("The character '"+ch+"' is an invalid XML character"); 
                    }
                    continue;
                }
                if ( unescaped  && XML11Char.isXML11ValidLiteral(ch)) {
                    _printer.printText( ch );
                } 
                else {
                    printXMLChar( ch );
                }
            }
        } 
        else {
            // Not preserving spaces: print one part at a time, and
            // use spaces between parts to break them into different
            // lines. Spaces at beginning of line will be stripped
            // by printing mechanism. Line terminator is treated
            // no different than other text part.
            for ( index = 0 ; index < length ; ++index ) {
                ch = text.charAt( index );
                if (!XML11Char.isXML11Valid(ch)) {
                    // check if it is surrogate
                    if (++index <length) {
                        surrogates(ch, text.charAt(index), true);
                    } else {
                        fatalError("The character '"+ch+"' is an invalid XML character"); 
                    }
                    continue;
                }
                if ( unescaped && XML11Char.isXML11ValidLiteral(ch) ) {
                    _printer.printText( ch );
                }
                else {
                    printXMLChar( ch );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    protected void printText( char[] chars, int start, int length,
                              boolean preserveSpace, boolean unescaped ) throws IOException {

        if ( preserveSpace ) {
            // Preserving spaces: the text must print exactly as it is,
            // without breaking when spaces appear in the text and without
            // consolidating spaces. If a line terminator is used, a line
            // break will occur.
            while ( length-- > 0 ) {
                char ch = chars[start++];
                if (!XML11Char.isXML11Valid(ch)) {
                    // check if it is surrogate
                    if ( length-- > 0) {
                        surrogates(ch, chars[start++], true);
                    } else {
                        fatalError("The character '"+ch+"' is an invalid XML character"); 
                    }
                    continue;
                }
                if ( unescaped && XML11Char.isXML11ValidLiteral(ch)) {
                    _printer.printText( ch );
                } 
                else {
                    printXMLChar( ch );
                }
            }
        } 
        else {
            // Not preserving spaces: print one part at a time, and
            // use spaces between parts to break them into different
            // lines. Spaces at beginning of line will be stripped
            // by printing mechanism. Line terminator is treated
            // no different than other text part.
            while ( length-- > 0 ) {
                char ch = chars[start++];
                if (!XML11Char.isXML11Valid(ch)) {
                    // check if it is surrogate
                    if ( length-- > 0) {
                        surrogates(ch, chars[start++], true);
                    } else {
                        fatalError("The character '"+ch+"' is an invalid XML character"); 
                    }
                    continue;
                }
                if ( unescaped && XML11Char.isXML11ValidLiteral(ch)) {
                    _printer.printText( ch );
                }
                else {
                    printXMLChar( ch );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public boolean reset() {
        super.reset();
        return true;
    }

}