/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

// Sep 14, 2000:
//  Fixed problem with namespace handling. Contributed by
//  David Blondeau <blondeau@intalio.com>
// Sep 14, 2000:
//  Fixed serializer to report IO exception directly, instead at
//  the end of document processing.
//  Reported by Patrick Higgins <phiggins@transzap.com>
// Aug 21, 2000:
//  Fixed bug in startDocument not calling prepare.
//  Reported by Mikael Staldal <d96-mst-ingen-reklam@d.kth.se>
// Aug 21, 2000:
//  Added ability to omit DOCTYPE declaration.

package org.apache.xml.serialize;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.xerces.dom.DOMMessageFormatter;
import org.apache.xerces.util.NamespaceSupport;
import org.apache.xerces.util.SymbolTable;
import org.apache.xerces.util.XMLChar;
import org.apache.xerces.util.XMLSymbols;
import org.apache.xerces.xni.NamespaceContext;
import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
import org.w3c.dom.DOMError;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.traversal.NodeFilter;
import org.xml.sax.AttributeList;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.AttributesImpl;

Implements an XML serializer supporting both DOM and SAX pretty serializing. For usage instructions see Serializer. 

If an output stream is used, the encoding is taken from the
output format (defaults to UTF-8). If a writer is
used, make sure the writer uses the same encoding (if applies)
as specified in the output format.
 The serializer supports both DOM and SAX. SAX serializing is done by firing SAX events and using the serializer as a document handler. DOM serializing is done by calling BaseMarkupSerializer.serialize(Document) or by using DOM Level 3 LSSerializer and serializing with LSSerializer.write, LSSerializer.writeToString. 
 If an I/O exception occurs while serializing, the serializer will not throw an exception directly, but only throw it at the end of serializing (either DOM or SAX's DocumentHandler.endDocument. 

For elements that are not specified as whitespace preserving,
the serializer will potentially break long text lines at space
boundaries, indent lines, and serialize elements on separate
lines. Line terminators will be regarded as spaces, and
spaces at beginning of line will be stripped.
Author:
Assaf Arkin, Rahul Srivastava, Elena Litani IBM
See Also:
Serializer
Deprecated:
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended 
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation 
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML. See the Xerces documentation for more 
information.
Version:
$Revision: 704573 $ $Date: 2008-10-14 21:41:22 +0530 (Tue, 14 Oct 2008) $/**
 * Implements an XML serializer supporting both DOM and SAX pretty
 * serializing. For usage instructions see {@link Serializer}.
 * <p>
 * If an output stream is used, the encoding is taken from the
 * output format (defaults to <tt>UTF-8</tt>). If a writer is
 * used, make sure the writer uses the same encoding (if applies)
 * as specified in the output format.
 * <p>
 * The serializer supports both DOM and SAX. SAX serializing is done by firing
 * SAX events and using the serializer as a document handler. DOM serializing is done
 * by calling {@link #serialize(Document)} or by using DOM Level 3  
 * {@link org.w3c.dom.ls.LSSerializer} and
 * serializing with {@link org.w3c.dom.ls.LSSerializer#write},
 * {@link org.w3c.dom.ls.LSSerializer#writeToString}.
 * <p>
 * If an I/O exception occurs while serializing, the serializer
 * will not throw an exception directly, but only throw it
 * at the end of serializing (either DOM or SAX's {@link
 * org.xml.sax.DocumentHandler#endDocument}.
 * <p>
 * For elements that are not specified as whitespace preserving,
 * the serializer will potentially break long text lines at space
 * boundaries, indent lines, and serialize elements on separate
 * lines. Line terminators will be regarded as spaces, and
 * spaces at beginning of line will be stripped.
 * 
 * @deprecated This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended 
 * that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation 
 * API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML. See the Xerces documentation for more 
 * information.
 * @author <a href="mailto:arkin@intalio.com">Assaf Arkin</a>
 * @author <a href="mailto:rahul.srivastava@sun.com">Rahul Srivastava</a>
 * @author Elena Litani IBM
 * @version $Revision: 704573 $ $Date: 2008-10-14 21:41:22 +0530 (Tue, 14 Oct 2008) $
 * @see Serializer
 */
public class XMLSerializer
extends BaseMarkupSerializer {

    //
    // constants
    //

    protected static final boolean DEBUG = false;

    // 
    // data
    //

    // 
    // DOM Level 3 implementation: variables intialized in DOMSerializerImpl
    // 

    
stores namespaces in scope /** stores namespaces in scope */
    protected NamespaceSupport fNSBinder;

    
stores all namespace bindings on the current element /** stores all namespace bindings on the current element */
    protected NamespaceSupport fLocalNSBinder;

    
symbol table for serialization /** symbol table for serialization */
    protected SymbolTable fSymbolTable;    

    protected final static String PREFIX = "NS";

    
Controls whether namespace fixup should be performed during
the serialization. 
NOTE: if this field is set to true the following 
fields need to be initialized: fNSBinder, fLocalNSBinder, fSymbolTable, 
XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING, fXmlSymbol, fXmlnsSymbol
/**
     * Controls whether namespace fixup should be performed during
     * the serialization. 
     * NOTE: if this field is set to true the following 
     * fields need to be initialized: fNSBinder, fLocalNSBinder, fSymbolTable, 
     * XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING, fXmlSymbol, fXmlnsSymbol
     */
    protected boolean fNamespaces = false;

    
Controls whether namespace prefixes will be printed out during serialization
/**
     * Controls whether namespace prefixes will be printed out during serialization
     */
    protected boolean fNamespacePrefixes = true;
	

    private boolean fPreserveSpace;


    
Constructs a new serializer. The serializer cannot be used without calling BaseMarkupSerializer.setOutputCharStream or BaseMarkupSerializer.setOutputByteStream first. /**
     * Constructs a new serializer. The serializer cannot be used without
     * calling {@link #setOutputCharStream} or {@link #setOutputByteStream}
     * first.
     */
    public XMLSerializer() {
        super( new OutputFormat( Method.XML, null, false ) );
    }


    
Constructs a new serializer. The serializer cannot be used without calling BaseMarkupSerializer.setOutputCharStream or BaseMarkupSerializer.setOutputByteStream first. /**
     * Constructs a new serializer. The serializer cannot be used without
     * calling {@link #setOutputCharStream} or {@link #setOutputByteStream}
     * first.
     */
    public XMLSerializer( OutputFormat format ) {
        super( format != null ? format : new OutputFormat( Method.XML, null, false ) );
        _format.setMethod( Method.XML );
    }


    
Constructs a new serializer that writes to the specified writer
using the specified output format. If format is null,
will use a default output format.
Params:
writer – The writer to use
format – The output format to use, null for the default/**
     * Constructs a new serializer that writes to the specified writer
     * using the specified output format. If <tt>format</tt> is null,
     * will use a default output format.
     *
     * @param writer The writer to use
     * @param format The output format to use, null for the default
     */
    public XMLSerializer( Writer writer, OutputFormat format ) {
        super( format != null ? format : new OutputFormat( Method.XML, null, false ) );
        _format.setMethod( Method.XML );
        setOutputCharStream( writer );
    }


    
Constructs a new serializer that writes to the specified output
stream using the specified output format. If format
is null, will use a default output format.
Params:
output – The output stream to use
format – The output format to use, null for the default/**
     * Constructs a new serializer that writes to the specified output
     * stream using the specified output format. If <tt>format</tt>
     * is null, will use a default output format.
     *
     * @param output The output stream to use
     * @param format The output format to use, null for the default
     */
    public XMLSerializer( OutputStream output, OutputFormat format ) {
        super( format != null ? format : new OutputFormat( Method.XML, null, false ) );
        _format.setMethod( Method.XML );
        setOutputByteStream( output );
    }


    public void setOutputFormat( OutputFormat format ) {
        super.setOutputFormat( format != null ? format : new OutputFormat( Method.XML, null, false ) );
    }


    
This methods turns on namespace fixup algorithm during
DOM serialization.
Params:
namespaces – 
See Also:
LSSerializer/**
     * This methods turns on namespace fixup algorithm during
     * DOM serialization.
     * @see org.w3c.dom.ls.LSSerializer
     * 
     * @param namespaces
     */
    public void setNamespaces (boolean namespaces){
        fNamespaces = namespaces;
        if (fNSBinder == null) {
            fNSBinder = new NamespaceSupport();
            fLocalNSBinder = new NamespaceSupport();
            fSymbolTable = new SymbolTable();
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------//
    // SAX content handler serializing methods //
    //-----------------------------------------//


    public void startElement( String namespaceURI, String localName,
                              String rawName, Attributes attrs )
    throws SAXException
    {
        int          i;
        boolean      preserveSpace;
        ElementState state;
        String       name;
        String       value;

        if (DEBUG) {
            System.out.println("==>startElement("+namespaceURI+","+localName+
                               ","+rawName+")");
        }

        try {
            if (_printer == null) {
                String msg = DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN, "NoWriterSupplied", null);
                throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
            }

            state = getElementState();
            if (isDocumentState()) {
                // If this is the root element handle it differently.
                // If the first root element in the document, serialize
                // the document's DOCTYPE. Space preserving defaults
                // to that of the output format.
                if (! _started)
                    startDocument( ( localName == null || localName.length() == 0 ) ? rawName : localName );
            } else {
                // For any other element, if first in parent, then
                // close parent's opening tag and use the parnet's
                // space preserving.
                if (state.empty)
                    _printer.printText( '>' );
                // Must leave CData section first
                if (state.inCData) {
                    _printer.printText( "]]>" );
                    state.inCData = false;
                }
                // Indent this element on a new line if the first
                // content of the parent element or immediately
                // following an element or a comment
                if (_indenting && ! state.preserveSpace &&
                    ( state.empty || state.afterElement || state.afterComment))
                    _printer.breakLine();
            }
            preserveSpace = state.preserveSpace;

            //We remove the namespaces from the attributes list so that they will
            //be in _prefixes
            attrs = extractNamespaces(attrs);

            // Do not change the current element state yet.
            // This only happens in endElement().
            if (rawName == null || rawName.length() == 0) {
                if (localName == null) {
                    String msg = DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN, "NoName", null);
                    throw new SAXException(msg);
                }
                if (namespaceURI != null && ! namespaceURI.equals( "" )) {
                    String prefix;
                    prefix = getPrefix( namespaceURI );
                    if (prefix != null && prefix.length() > 0) {
                        rawName = prefix + ":" + localName;
                    } 
                    else {
                        rawName = localName;
                    }
                } 
                else {
                    rawName = localName;
                }
            }

            _printer.printText( '<' );
            _printer.printText( rawName );
            _printer.indent();

            // For each attribute print it's name and value as one part,
            // separated with a space so the element can be broken on
            // multiple lines.
            if (attrs != null) {
                for (i = 0 ; i < attrs.getLength() ; ++i) {
                    _printer.printSpace();

                    name = attrs.getQName( i );
                    if (name != null && name.length() == 0) {
                        String prefix;
                        String attrURI;

                        name = attrs.getLocalName( i );
                        attrURI = attrs.getURI( i );
                        if (( attrURI != null && attrURI.length() != 0 ) &&
                            ( namespaceURI == null || namespaceURI.length() == 0 ||
                              ! attrURI.equals( namespaceURI ) )) {
                            prefix = getPrefix( attrURI );
                            if (prefix != null && prefix.length() > 0)
                                name = prefix + ":" + name;
                        }
                    }

                    value = attrs.getValue( i );
                    if (value == null)
                        value = "";
                    _printer.printText( name );
                    _printer.printText( "=\"" );
                    printEscaped( value );
                    _printer.printText( '"' );

                    // If the attribute xml:space exists, determine whether
                    // to preserve spaces in this and child nodes based on
                    // its value.
                    if (name.equals( "xml:space" )) {
                        if (value.equals( "preserve" ))
                            preserveSpace = true;
                        else
                            preserveSpace = _format.getPreserveSpace();
                    }
                }
            }

            if (_prefixes != null) {
                Iterator entries = _prefixes.entrySet().iterator();
                while (entries.hasNext()) {
                    _printer.printSpace();
                    Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) entries.next();
                    value = (String) entry.getKey();
                    name = (String) entry.getValue();
                    if (name.length() == 0) {
                        _printer.printText( "xmlns=\"" );
                        printEscaped( value );
                        _printer.printText( '"' );
                    } 
                    else {
                        _printer.printText( "xmlns:" );
                        _printer.printText( name );
                        _printer.printText( "=\"" );
                        printEscaped( value );
                        _printer.printText( '"' );
                    }
                }
            }

            // Now it's time to enter a new element state
            // with the tag name and space preserving.
            // We still do not change the curent element state.
            state = enterElementState( namespaceURI, localName, rawName, preserveSpace );
            name = ( localName == null || localName.length() == 0 ) ? rawName : namespaceURI + "^" + localName;
            state.doCData = _format.isCDataElement( name );
            state.unescaped = _format.isNonEscapingElement( name );
        } catch (IOException except) {
            throw new SAXException( except );
        }
    }


    public void endElement( String namespaceURI, String localName,
                            String rawName )
    throws SAXException
    {
        try {
            endElementIO( namespaceURI, localName, rawName );
        } catch (IOException except) {
            throw new SAXException( except );
        }
    }


    public void endElementIO( String namespaceURI, String localName,
                              String rawName )
    throws IOException
    {
        ElementState state;
        if (DEBUG) {
            System.out.println("==>endElement: " +rawName);
        }
        // Works much like content() with additions for closing
        // an element. Note the different checks for the closed
        // element's state and the parent element's state.
        _printer.unindent();
        state = getElementState();
        if (state.empty) {
            _printer.printText( "/>" );
        } else {
            // Must leave CData section first
            if (state.inCData)
                _printer.printText( "]]>" );
            // This element is not empty and that last content was
            // another element, so print a line break before that
            // last element and this element's closing tag.
            if (_indenting && ! state.preserveSpace && (state.afterElement || state.afterComment))
                _printer.breakLine();
            _printer.printText( "</" );
            _printer.printText( state.rawName );
            _printer.printText( '>' );
        }
        // Leave the element state and update that of the parent
        // (if we're not root) to not empty and after element.
        state = leaveElementState();
        state.afterElement = true;
        state.afterComment = false;
        state.empty = false;
        if (isDocumentState())
            _printer.flush();
    }


    //------------------------------------------//
    // SAX document handler serializing methods //
    //------------------------------------------//


    public void startElement( String tagName, AttributeList attrs )
    throws SAXException
    {
        int          i;
        boolean      preserveSpace;
        ElementState state;
        String       name;
        String       value;


        if (DEBUG) {
            System.out.println("==>startElement("+tagName+")");
        }

        try {
            if (_printer == null) {
                String msg = DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN, "NoWriterSupplied", null);
                throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
            }

            state = getElementState();
            if (isDocumentState()) {
                // If this is the root element handle it differently.
                // If the first root element in the document, serialize
                // the document's DOCTYPE. Space preserving defaults
                // to that of the output format.
                if (! _started)
                    startDocument( tagName );
            } else {
                // For any other element, if first in parent, then
                // close parent's opening tag and use the parnet's
                // space preserving.
                if (state.empty)
                    _printer.printText( '>' );
                // Must leave CData section first
                if (state.inCData) {
                    _printer.printText( "]]>" );
                    state.inCData = false;
                }
                // Indent this element on a new line if the first
                // content of the parent element or immediately
                // following an element.
                if (_indenting && ! state.preserveSpace &&
                    ( state.empty || state.afterElement || state.afterComment))
                    _printer.breakLine();
            }
            preserveSpace = state.preserveSpace;

            // Do not change the current element state yet.
            // This only happens in endElement().

            _printer.printText( '<' );
            _printer.printText( tagName );
            _printer.indent();

            // For each attribute print it's name and value as one part,
            // separated with a space so the element can be broken on
            // multiple lines.
            if (attrs != null) {
                for (i = 0 ; i < attrs.getLength() ; ++i) {
                    _printer.printSpace();
                    name = attrs.getName( i );
                    value = attrs.getValue( i );
                    if (value != null) {
                        _printer.printText( name );
                        _printer.printText( "=\"" );
                        printEscaped( value );
                        _printer.printText( '"' );
                    }

                    // If the attribute xml:space exists, determine whether
                    // to preserve spaces in this and child nodes based on
                    // its value.
                    if (name.equals( "xml:space" )) {
                        if (value.equals( "preserve" ))
                            preserveSpace = true;
                        else
                            preserveSpace = _format.getPreserveSpace();
                    }
                }
            }
            // Now it's time to enter a new element state
            // with the tag name and space preserving.
            // We still do not change the curent element state.
            state = enterElementState( null, null, tagName, preserveSpace );
            state.doCData = _format.isCDataElement( tagName );
            state.unescaped = _format.isNonEscapingElement( tagName );
        } catch (IOException except) {
            throw new SAXException( except );
        }

    }


    public void endElement( String tagName )
    throws SAXException
    {
        endElement( null, null, tagName );
    }



    //------------------------------------------//
    // Generic node serializing methods methods //
    //------------------------------------------//


    
Called to serialize the document's DOCTYPE by the root element.
The document type declaration must name the root element,
but the root element is only known when that element is serialized,
and not at the start of the document.
 This method will check if it has not been called before (BaseMarkupSerializer._started), will serialize the document type declaration, and will serialize all pre-root comments and PIs that were accumulated in the document (see BaseMarkupSerializer.serializePreRoot). Pre-root will be serialized even if this is not the first root element of the document. /**
     * Called to serialize the document's DOCTYPE by the root element.
     * The document type declaration must name the root element,
     * but the root element is only known when that element is serialized,
     * and not at the start of the document.
     * <p>
     * This method will check if it has not been called before ({@link #_started}),
     * will serialize the document type declaration, and will serialize all
     * pre-root comments and PIs that were accumulated in the document
     * (see {@link #serializePreRoot}). Pre-root will be serialized even if
     * this is not the first root element of the document.
     */
    protected void startDocument( String rootTagName )
    throws IOException
    {
        int    i;
        String dtd;

        dtd = _printer.leaveDTD();
        if (! _started) {

            if (! _format.getOmitXMLDeclaration()) {
                StringBuffer    buffer;

                // Serialize the document declaration appreaing at the head
                // of very XML document (unless asked not to).
                buffer = new StringBuffer( "<?xml version=\"" );
                if (_format.getVersion() != null)
                    buffer.append( _format.getVersion() );
                else
                    buffer.append( "1.0" );
                buffer.append( '"' );
                String format_encoding =  _format.getEncoding();
                if (format_encoding != null) {
                    buffer.append( " encoding=\"" );
                    buffer.append( format_encoding );
                    buffer.append( '"' );
                }
                if (_format.getStandalone() && _docTypeSystemId == null &&
                    _docTypePublicId == null)
                    buffer.append( " standalone=\"yes\"" );
                buffer.append( "?>" );
                _printer.printText( buffer );
                _printer.breakLine();
            }

            if (! _format.getOmitDocumentType()) {
                if (_docTypeSystemId != null) {
                    // System identifier must be specified to print DOCTYPE.
                    // If public identifier is specified print 'PUBLIC
                    // <public> <system>', if not, print 'SYSTEM <system>'.
                    _printer.printText( "<!DOCTYPE " );
                    _printer.printText( rootTagName );
                    if (_docTypePublicId != null) {
                        _printer.printText( " PUBLIC " );
                        printDoctypeURL( _docTypePublicId );
                        if (_indenting) {
                            _printer.breakLine();
                            for (i = 0 ; i < 18 + rootTagName.length() ; ++i)
                                _printer.printText( " " );
                        } else
                            _printer.printText( " " );
                        printDoctypeURL( _docTypeSystemId );
                    } else {
                        _printer.printText( " SYSTEM " );
                        printDoctypeURL( _docTypeSystemId );
                    }

                    // If we accumulated any DTD contents while printing.
                    // this would be the place to print it.
                    if (dtd != null && dtd.length() > 0) {
                        _printer.printText( " [" );
                        printText( dtd, true, true );
                        _printer.printText( ']' );
                    }

                    _printer.printText( ">" );
                    _printer.breakLine();
                } else if (dtd != null && dtd.length() > 0) {
                    _printer.printText( "<!DOCTYPE " );
                    _printer.printText( rootTagName );
                    _printer.printText( " [" );
                    printText( dtd, true, true );
                    _printer.printText( "]>" );
                    _printer.breakLine();
                }
            }
        }
        _started = true;
        // Always serialize these, even if not te first root element.
        serializePreRoot();
    }


    
Called to serialize a DOM element. Equivalent to calling startElement, endElement and serializing everything inbetween, but better optimized. /**
     * Called to serialize a DOM element. Equivalent to calling {@link
     * #startElement}, {@link #endElement} and serializing everything
     * inbetween, but better optimized.
     */
    protected void serializeElement( Element elem )
    throws IOException
    {
        Attr         attr;
        NamedNodeMap attrMap;
        int          i;
        Node         child;
        ElementState state;
        String       name;
        String       value;
        String       tagName;

        String prefix, localUri;
        String uri;
        if (fNamespaces) {
            // local binder stores namespace declaration
            // that has been printed out during namespace fixup of
            // the current element
            fLocalNSBinder.reset();

            // add new namespace context        
            fNSBinder.pushContext();
        }

        if (DEBUG) {
            System.out.println("==>startElement: " +elem.getNodeName() +" ns="+elem.getNamespaceURI());
        }
        tagName = elem.getTagName();
        state = getElementState();
        if (isDocumentState()) {
            // If this is the root element handle it differently.
            // If the first root element in the document, serialize
            // the document's DOCTYPE. Space preserving defaults
            // to that of the output format.

            if (! _started) {
                startDocument( tagName);
            }
        } else {
            // For any other element, if first in parent, then
            // close parent's opening tag and use the parent's
            // space preserving.
            if (state.empty)
                _printer.printText( '>' );
            // Must leave CData section first
            if (state.inCData) {
                _printer.printText( "]]>" );
                state.inCData = false;
            }
            // Indent this element on a new line if the first
            // content of the parent element or immediately
            // following an element.
            if (_indenting && ! state.preserveSpace &&
                ( state.empty || state.afterElement || state.afterComment))
                _printer.breakLine();
        }

        // Do not change the current element state yet.
        // This only happens in endElement().
        fPreserveSpace = state.preserveSpace;


        int length = 0;
        attrMap = null;
        // retrieve attributes 
        if (elem.hasAttributes()) {
            attrMap = elem.getAttributes();
            length = attrMap.getLength();
        }

        if (!fNamespaces) { // no namespace fixup should be performed                    

            // serialize element name
            _printer.printText( '<' );
            _printer.printText( tagName );
            _printer.indent();

            // For each attribute print it's name and value as one part,
            // separated with a space so the element can be broken on
            // multiple lines.
            for ( i = 0 ; i < length ; ++i ) {
                attr = (Attr) attrMap.item( i );
                name = attr.getName();
                value = attr.getValue();
                if ( value == null )
                    value = "";
                printAttribute (name, value, attr.getSpecified(), attr);
            }
        } else { // do namespace fixup

            // REVISIT: some optimization could probably be done to avoid traversing 
            //          attributes twice.
            //

            // ---------------------------------------
            // record all valid namespace declarations
            // before attempting to fix element's namespace
            // ---------------------------------------

            for (i = 0;i < length;i++) {

                attr = (Attr) attrMap.item( i );
                uri = attr.getNamespaceURI();
                // check if attribute is a namespace decl 
                if (uri != null && uri.equals(NamespaceContext.XMLNS_URI)) {

                    value = attr.getNodeValue();
                    if (value == null) {
                        value=XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING;
                    }

                    if (value.equals(NamespaceContext.XMLNS_URI)) {
                        if (fDOMErrorHandler != null) {
                            String msg = DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(
                                DOMMessageFormatter.XML_DOMAIN,"CantBindXMLNS",null );
                            modifyDOMError(msg,  DOMError.SEVERITY_ERROR, null, attr);
                            boolean continueProcess = fDOMErrorHandler.handleError(fDOMError);
                            if (!continueProcess) {
                                // stop the namespace fixup and validation
            	                throw new RuntimeException( 
            	                    DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(
            	                    DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN,
            	                    "SerializationStopped", null));
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        prefix = attr.getPrefix();
                        prefix = (prefix == null || 
                                  prefix.length() == 0) ? XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING :fSymbolTable.addSymbol(prefix);
                        String localpart = fSymbolTable.addSymbol( attr.getLocalName());
                        if (prefix == XMLSymbols.PREFIX_XMLNS) { //xmlns:prefix
                            value = fSymbolTable.addSymbol(value);
                            // record valid decl
                            if (value.length() != 0) {
                                fNSBinder.declarePrefix(localpart, value);
                            } else {
                                // REVISIT: issue error on invalid declarations
                                //          xmlns:foo = ""
                            }
                            continue;
                        }
                        // xmlns --- empty prefix is always bound ("" or some string)
                        value = fSymbolTable.addSymbol(value);
                        fNSBinder.declarePrefix(XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING, value);
                        continue;
                    }  // end-else: valid declaration
                } // end-if: namespace declaration 
            }  // end-for

            //-----------------------
            // get element uri/prefix
            //-----------------------
            uri = elem.getNamespaceURI();            
            prefix = elem.getPrefix();

            //----------------------
            // output element name
            //----------------------
            // REVISIT: this could be removed if we always convert empty string to null
            //          for the namespaces.
            if ((uri !=null && prefix !=null ) && uri.length() == 0 && prefix.length()!=0) {
                // uri is an empty string and element has some prefix
                // the namespace alg later will fix up the namespace attributes
                // remove element prefix 
                prefix = null; 
                _printer.printText( '<' );
                _printer.printText( elem.getLocalName() );
                _printer.indent();
            } else {
                _printer.printText( '<' );
                _printer.printText( tagName );
                _printer.indent();
            }


            // ---------------------------------------------------------
            // Fix up namespaces for element: per DOM L3 
            // Need to consider the following cases:
            //
            // case 1: <foo:elem xmlns:ns1="myURI" xmlns="default"/> 
            // Assume "foo", "ns1" are declared on the parent. We should not miss 
            // redeclaration for both "ns1" and default namespace. To solve this 
            // we add a local binder that stores declaration only for current element.
            // This way we avoid outputing duplicate declarations for the same element
            // as well as we are not omitting redeclarations.
            //
            // case 2: <elem xmlns="" xmlns="default"/> 
            // We need to bind default namespace to empty string, to be able to 
            // omit duplicate declarations for the same element
            //
            // case 3: <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://xsl">
            // We create another element body bound to the "http://xsl" namespace
            // as well as namespace attribute rebounding xsl to another namespace.
            // <xsl:body xmlns:xsl="http://another">
            // Need to make sure that the new namespace decl value is changed to 
            // "http://xsl"
            //
            // ---------------------------------------------------------
            // check if prefix/namespace is correct for current element
            // ---------------------------------------------------------


            if (uri != null) {  // Element has a namespace
                uri = fSymbolTable.addSymbol(uri);
                prefix = (prefix == null || 
                          prefix.length() == 0) ? XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING :fSymbolTable.addSymbol(prefix);
                if (fNSBinder.getURI(prefix) == uri) {
                    // The xmlns:prefix=namespace or xmlns="default" was declared at parent.
                    // The binder always stores mapping of empty prefix to "".
                    // (NOTE: local binder does not store this kind of binding!)
                    // Thus the case where element was declared with uri="" (with or without a prefix)
                    // will be covered here.

                } else {
                    // the prefix is either undeclared 
                    // or
                    // conflict: the prefix is bound to another URI
                    if (fNamespacePrefixes) {
                        printNamespaceAttr(prefix, uri);
                    }
                    fLocalNSBinder.declarePrefix(prefix, uri);
                    fNSBinder.declarePrefix(prefix, uri);
                }
            } else { // Element has no namespace
                if (elem.getLocalName() == null) {
                    //  DOM Level 1 node!
                    if (fDOMErrorHandler != null) {
                        String msg = DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(
                            DOMMessageFormatter.DOM_DOMAIN, "NullLocalElementName", 
                            new Object[]{elem.getNodeName()});
                        modifyDOMError(msg,DOMError.SEVERITY_ERROR, null, elem);
                        boolean continueProcess = fDOMErrorHandler.handleError(fDOMError);
                        // REVISIT: should we terminate upon request?
                        if (!continueProcess) {
                           throw new RuntimeException( 
            	               DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(
            	               DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN,
            	               "SerializationStopped", null));
                        }
                    }
                } else { // uri=null and no colon (DOM L2 node)
                    uri = fNSBinder.getURI(XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING);

                    if (uri !=null && uri.length() > 0) {
                        // there is a default namespace decl that is bound to
                        // non-zero length uri, output xmlns=""
                        if (fNamespacePrefixes) {
                            printNamespaceAttr(XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING, XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING);
                        }
                        fLocalNSBinder.declarePrefix(XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING, XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING);
                        fNSBinder.declarePrefix(XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING, XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING);
                    }
                }
            }


            // -----------------------------------------
            // Fix up namespaces for attributes: per DOM L3 
            // check if prefix/namespace is correct the attributes
            // -----------------------------------------

            for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {

                attr = (Attr) attrMap.item( i );
                value = attr.getValue();
                name = attr.getNodeName();  
              
                uri = attr.getNamespaceURI();

                // Fix attribute that was declared with a prefix and namespace=""
                if (uri !=null && uri.length() == 0) {
                    uri=null;
                    // we must remove prefix for this attribute
                    name=attr.getLocalName();
                }

                if (DEBUG) {
                    System.out.println("==>process attribute: "+attr.getNodeName());
                }
                // make sure that value is never null.
                if (value == null) {
                    value=XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING;
                }

                if (uri != null) {  // attribute has namespace !=null
                    prefix = attr.getPrefix();
                    prefix = prefix == null ? XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING :fSymbolTable.addSymbol(prefix);
                    String localpart = fSymbolTable.addSymbol( attr.getLocalName());



                    // ---------------------------------------------------
                    // print namespace declarations namespace declarations 
                    // ---------------------------------------------------
                    if (uri != null && uri.equals(NamespaceContext.XMLNS_URI)) {
                        // check if we need to output this declaration
                        prefix = attr.getPrefix();
                        prefix = (prefix == null || 
                                  prefix.length() == 0) ? XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING : fSymbolTable.addSymbol(prefix);
                        localpart = fSymbolTable.addSymbol( attr.getLocalName());
                        if (prefix == XMLSymbols.PREFIX_XMLNS) { //xmlns:prefix
                            localUri = fLocalNSBinder.getURI(localpart);  // local prefix mapping
                            value = fSymbolTable.addSymbol(value);
                            if (value.length() != 0 ) {
                                if (localUri == null) {
                                    // declaration was not printed while fixing element namespace binding
                                    
                                    // If the DOM Level 3 namespace-prefixes feature is set to false
                                    // do not print xmlns attributes
                                    if (fNamespacePrefixes) {
                                        printNamespaceAttr(localpart, value);
                                    }
                                    	
                                    // case 4: <elem xmlns:xx="foo" xx:attr=""/>
                                    // where attribute is bound to "bar". 
                                    // If the xmlns:xx is output here first, later we should not
                                    // redeclare "xx" prefix. Instead we would pick up different prefix
                                    // for the attribute.
                                    // final: <elem xmlns:xx="foo" NS1:attr="" xmlns:NS1="bar"/>
                                    fLocalNSBinder.declarePrefix(localpart, value);
                                }
                            } else {
                                // REVISIT: issue error on invalid declarations
                                //          xmlns:foo = ""
                            }
                            continue;
                        }
                        // xmlns --- empty prefix is always bound ("" or some string)
                        uri = fNSBinder.getURI(XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING);
                        localUri= fLocalNSBinder.getURI(XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING);
                        value = fSymbolTable.addSymbol(value);
                        if (localUri == null ) {
                            // declaration was not printed while fixing element namespace binding
                            if (fNamespacePrefixes) {
                                printNamespaceAttr(XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING, value);
                            }
                            // case 4 does not apply here since attributes can't use
                            // default namespace
                        }
                        continue;

                    }
                    uri = fSymbolTable.addSymbol(uri);

                    // find if for this prefix a URI was already declared
                    String declaredURI =  fNSBinder.getURI(prefix);

                    if (prefix == XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING || declaredURI != uri) {
                        // attribute has no prefix (default namespace decl does not apply to attributes) 
                        // OR
                        // attribute prefix is not declared
                        // OR
                        // conflict: attr URI does not match the prefix in scope

                        name  = attr.getNodeName();
                        // Find if any prefix for attributes namespace URI is available
                        // in the scope
                        String declaredPrefix = fNSBinder.getPrefix(uri);

                        if (declaredPrefix !=null && declaredPrefix !=XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING) {
                            // use the prefix that was found
                            prefix = declaredPrefix;
                            name=prefix+":"+localpart;
                        } else {
                            if (DEBUG) {
                                System.out.println("==> cound not find prefix for the attribute: " +prefix);
                            }

                            if (prefix != XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING && fLocalNSBinder.getURI(prefix) == null) {
                                // the current prefix is not null and it has no in scope declaration

                                // use this prefix
                            } else {
                                // find a prefix following the pattern "NS" +index (starting at 1)
                                // make sure this prefix is not declared in the current scope.
                                int counter = 1;
                                prefix = fSymbolTable.addSymbol(PREFIX + counter++);
                                while (fLocalNSBinder.getURI(prefix)!=null) {
                                    prefix = fSymbolTable.addSymbol(PREFIX +counter++);
                                }
                                name=prefix+":"+localpart;
                            }
                            // add declaration for the new prefix
                            if (fNamespacePrefixes) {
                                printNamespaceAttr(prefix, uri);
                            }
                            value = fSymbolTable.addSymbol(value);
                            fLocalNSBinder.declarePrefix(prefix, value);
                            fNSBinder.declarePrefix(prefix, uri);
                        }                        

                        // change prefix for this attribute
                    }

                    printAttribute (name, (value==null)?XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING:value, attr.getSpecified(), attr);
                } else { // attribute uri == null
                    if (attr.getLocalName() == null) {
                        if (fDOMErrorHandler != null) {
                            String msg = DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(
                                DOMMessageFormatter.DOM_DOMAIN, 
                                "NullLocalAttrName", new Object[]{attr.getNodeName()});                            
                            modifyDOMError(msg, DOMError.SEVERITY_ERROR, null, attr);
                            boolean continueProcess = fDOMErrorHandler.handleError(fDOMError);
                            if (!continueProcess) {
                                // stop the namespace fixup and validation
                                throw new RuntimeException( 
            	                   DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(
            	                   DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN,
            	                   "SerializationStopped", null));
                            }
                        }
                        printAttribute (name, value, attr.getSpecified(), attr);
                    } else { // uri=null and no colon

                        // no fix up is needed: default namespace decl does not 
                        // apply to attributes
                        printAttribute (name, value, attr.getSpecified(), attr);
                    }
                }
            } // end loop for attributes

        }// end namespace fixup algorithm


        // If element has children, then serialize them, otherwise
        // serialize en empty tag.        
        if (elem.hasChildNodes()) {
            // Enter an element state, and serialize the children
            // one by one. Finally, end the element.
            state = enterElementState( null, null, tagName, fPreserveSpace );
            state.doCData = _format.isCDataElement( tagName );
            state.unescaped = _format.isNonEscapingElement( tagName );
            child = elem.getFirstChild();
            while (child != null) {
                serializeNode( child );
                child = child.getNextSibling();
            }
            if (fNamespaces) {
                fNSBinder.popContext();
            }
            endElementIO( null, null, tagName );
        } else {
            if (DEBUG) {
                System.out.println("==>endElement: " +elem.getNodeName());
            }
            if (fNamespaces) {
                fNSBinder.popContext();
            }
            _printer.unindent();
            _printer.printText( "/>" );
            // After element but parent element is no longer empty.
            state.afterElement = true;
            state.afterComment = false;
            state.empty = false;
            if (isDocumentState())
                _printer.flush();
        }
    }



    
Serializes a namespace attribute with the given prefix and value for URI.
In case prefix is empty will serialize default namespace declaration.
Params:
prefix – 
uri – 
Throws:
IOException – /**
     * Serializes a namespace attribute with the given prefix and value for URI.
     * In case prefix is empty will serialize default namespace declaration.
     * 
     * @param prefix
     * @param uri
     * @exception IOException
     */

    private void printNamespaceAttr(String prefix, String uri) throws IOException{
        _printer.printSpace();
        if (prefix == XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING) {
            if (DEBUG) {
                System.out.println("=>add xmlns=\""+uri+"\" declaration");
            }
            _printer.printText( XMLSymbols.PREFIX_XMLNS );
        } else {
            if (DEBUG) {
                System.out.println("=>add xmlns:"+prefix+"=\""+uri+"\" declaration");
            }
            _printer.printText( "xmlns:"+prefix );
        }
        _printer.printText( "=\"" );
        printEscaped( uri );
        _printer.printText( '"' );
    }



    
Prints attribute. 
NOTE: xml:space attribute modifies output format
Params:
name – 
value – 
isSpecified – 
Throws:
IOException – /**
     * Prints attribute. 
     * NOTE: xml:space attribute modifies output format
     * 
     * @param name
     * @param value
     * @param isSpecified
     * @exception IOException
     */
    private void printAttribute (String name, String value, boolean isSpecified, Attr attr) throws IOException{

        if (isSpecified || (features & DOMSerializerImpl.DISCARDDEFAULT) == 0) {
            if (fDOMFilter !=null && 
                (fDOMFilter.getWhatToShow() & NodeFilter.SHOW_ATTRIBUTE)!= 0) {
                short code = fDOMFilter.acceptNode(attr);
                switch (code) {
                    case NodeFilter.FILTER_REJECT:
                    case NodeFilter.FILTER_SKIP: { 
                        return;
                    }
                    default: {
                        // fall through
                    }
                }
            }
            _printer.printSpace();
            _printer.printText( name );
            _printer.printText( "=\"" );
            printEscaped( value );
            _printer.printText( '"' );
        }

        // If the attribute xml:space exists, determine whether
        // to preserve spaces in this and child nodes based on
        // its value.
        if (name.equals( "xml:space" )) {
            if (value.equals( "preserve" ))
                fPreserveSpace = true;
            else
                fPreserveSpace = _format.getPreserveSpace();
        }
    }

    protected String getEntityRef( int ch ) {
        // Encode special XML characters into the equivalent character references.
        // These five are defined by default for all XML documents.
        switch (ch) {
        case '<':
            return "lt";
        case '>':
            return "gt";
        case '"':
            return "quot";
        case '\'':
            return "apos";
        case '&':
            return "amp";
        }
        return null;
    }


    
Retrieve and remove the namespaces declarations from the list of attributes.
/** Retrieve and remove the namespaces declarations from the list of attributes.
     *
     */
    private Attributes extractNamespaces( Attributes attrs )
    throws SAXException
    {
        AttributesImpl attrsOnly;
        String         rawName;
        int            i;
        int            length;

        if (attrs == null) {
            return null;
        }
        length = attrs.getLength();
        attrsOnly = new AttributesImpl( attrs );

        for (i = length - 1 ; i >= 0 ; --i) {
            rawName = attrsOnly.getQName( i );

            //We have to exclude the namespaces declarations from the attributes
            //Append only when the feature http://xml.org/sax/features/namespace-prefixes"
            //is TRUE
            if (rawName.startsWith( "xmlns" )) {
                if (rawName.length() == 5) {
                    startPrefixMapping( "", attrs.getValue( i ) );
                    attrsOnly.removeAttribute( i );
                } else if (rawName.charAt(5) == ':') {
                    startPrefixMapping(rawName.substring(6), attrs.getValue(i));
                    attrsOnly.removeAttribute( i );
                }
            }
        }
        return attrsOnly;
    }

    //
    // Printing attribute value
    //
    protected void printEscaped(String source) throws IOException {
        int length = source.length();
        for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
            int ch = source.charAt(i);
            if (!XMLChar.isValid(ch)) {
                if (++i < length) {
                    surrogates(ch, source.charAt(i), false);
                } else {
                    fatalError("The character '" + (char) ch + "' is an invalid XML character");
                }
                continue;
            }
            // escape NL, CR, TAB
            if (ch == '\n' || ch == '\r' || ch == '\t') {
                printHex(ch);
            } else if (ch == '<') {
                _printer.printText("&lt;");
            } else if (ch == '&') {
                _printer.printText("&amp;");
            } else if (ch == '"') {
                _printer.printText("&quot;");
            } else if ((ch >= ' ' && _encodingInfo.isPrintable((char) ch))) {
                _printer.printText((char) ch);
            } else {
                printHex(ch);
            }
        }
    }

    
print text data /** print text data */
    protected void printXMLChar( int ch) throws IOException {
    	if (ch == '\r') {
			printHex(ch);
    	} else if ( ch == '<') {
            _printer.printText("&lt;");
        } else if (ch == '&') {
            _printer.printText("&amp;");
        } else if (ch == '>'){
        	// character sequence "]]>" can't appear in content, therefore
        	// we should escape '>' 
			_printer.printText("&gt;");        	
        } else if ( ch == '\n' ||  ch == '\t' ||
                    ( ch >= ' ' && _encodingInfo.isPrintable((char)ch))) {
            _printer.printText((char)ch);
        } else {
			printHex(ch);
        }
    }

    protected void printText( String text, boolean preserveSpace, boolean unescaped )
    throws IOException {
        int index;
        char ch;
        int length = text.length();
        if ( preserveSpace ) {
            // Preserving spaces: the text must print exactly as it is,
            // without breaking when spaces appear in the text and without
            // consolidating spaces. If a line terminator is used, a line
            // break will occur.
            for ( index = 0 ; index < length ; ++index ) {
                ch = text.charAt( index );
                if (!XMLChar.isValid(ch)) {
                    // check if it is surrogate
                    if (++index <length) {
                        surrogates(ch, text.charAt(index), true);
                    } else {
                        fatalError("The character '"+ch+"' is an invalid XML character"); 
                    }
                    continue;
                }
                if ( unescaped ) {
                    _printer.printText( ch );
                } else
                    printXMLChar( ch );
            }
        } else {
            // Not preserving spaces: print one part at a time, and
            // use spaces between parts to break them into different
            // lines. Spaces at beginning of line will be stripped
            // by printing mechanism. Line terminator is treated
            // no different than other text part.
            for ( index = 0 ; index < length ; ++index ) {
                ch = text.charAt( index );
                if (!XMLChar.isValid(ch)) {
                    // check if it is surrogate
                    if (++index <length) {
                        surrogates(ch, text.charAt(index), true);
                    } else {
                        fatalError("The character '"+ch+"' is an invalid XML character"); 
                    }
                    continue;
                }

				if ( unescaped )
                    _printer.printText( ch );
                else
                    printXMLChar( ch);
            }
        }
    }



    protected void printText( char[] chars, int start, int length,
                              boolean preserveSpace, boolean unescaped ) throws IOException {

        if ( preserveSpace ) {
            // Preserving spaces: the text must print exactly as it is,
            // without breaking when spaces appear in the text and without
            // consolidating spaces. If a line terminator is used, a line
            // break will occur.
            while ( length-- > 0 ) {
                char ch = chars[start++];
                if (!XMLChar.isValid(ch)) {
                    // check if it is surrogate
                    if ( length-- > 0 ) {
                        surrogates(ch, chars[start++], true);
                    } 
                    else {
                        fatalError("The character '"+ch+"' is an invalid XML character"); 
                    }
                    continue;
                }
                if ( unescaped ) {
                    _printer.printText( ch );
                } 
                else {
                    printXMLChar( ch );
                }
            }
        } else {
            // Not preserving spaces: print one part at a time, and
            // use spaces between parts to break them into different
            // lines. Spaces at beginning of line will be stripped
            // by printing mechanism. Line terminator is treated
            // no different than other text part.
            while ( length-- > 0 ) {
                char ch = chars[start++];
                if (!XMLChar.isValid(ch)) {
                    // check if it is surrogate
                    if ( length-- > 0 ) {
                        surrogates(ch, chars[start++], true);
                    } 
                    else {
                        fatalError("The character '"+ch+"' is an invalid XML character"); 
                    }
                    continue;
                }
                if ( unescaped ) {
                    _printer.printText( ch );
                } 
                else {
                    printXMLChar( ch );
                }
            }
        }
    }


   
DOM Level 3:
Check a node to determine if it contains unbound namespace prefixes.
Params:
node – The node to check for unbound namespace prefices/**
    * DOM Level 3:
    * Check a node to determine if it contains unbound namespace prefixes.
    *
    * @param node The node to check for unbound namespace prefices
    */
	protected void checkUnboundNamespacePrefixedNode (Node node) throws IOException{

		if (fNamespaces) {

   			if (DEBUG) {
			    System.out.println("==>serializeNode("+node.getNodeName()+") [Entity Reference - Namespaces on]");
				System.out.println("==>Declared Prefix Count: " + fNSBinder.getDeclaredPrefixCount());
				System.out.println("==>Node Name: " + node.getNodeName());
				System.out.println("==>First Child Node Name: " + node.getFirstChild().getNodeName());
				System.out.println("==>First Child Node Prefix: " + node.getFirstChild().getPrefix());
				System.out.println("==>First Child Node NamespaceURI: " + node.getFirstChild().getNamespaceURI());			
			}

		
			Node child, next;
	        for (child = node.getFirstChild(); child != null; child = next) {
	            next = child.getNextSibling();
			    if (DEBUG) {
			        System.out.println("==>serializeNode("+child.getNodeName()+") [Child Node]");
			        System.out.println("==>serializeNode("+child.getPrefix()+") [Child Node Prefix]");
	            }    
	
		 	    //If a NamespaceURI is not declared for the current
		 	    //node's prefix, raise a fatal error.
		 	    String prefix = child.getPrefix();
                prefix = (prefix == null || 
                        prefix.length() == 0) ? XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING : fSymbolTable.addSymbol(prefix);
		 	    if (fNSBinder.getURI(prefix) == null && prefix != null) {
					fatalError("The replacement text of the entity node '" 
								+ node.getNodeName()  
								+ "' contains an element node '" 
								+ child.getNodeName() 
								+ "' with an undeclared prefix '" 
								+ prefix + "'.");
		 	    }	

				if (child.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
					
					NamedNodeMap attrs = child.getAttributes();
					
					for (int i = 0; i< attrs.getLength(); i++ ) {
						
				 	    String attrPrefix = attrs.item(i).getPrefix();
                        attrPrefix = (attrPrefix == null || 
                                attrPrefix.length() == 0) ? XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING : fSymbolTable.addSymbol(attrPrefix);
				 	    if (fNSBinder.getURI(attrPrefix) == null && attrPrefix != null) {
							fatalError("The replacement text of the entity node '" 
										+ node.getNodeName()  
										+ "' contains an element node '" 
										+ child.getNodeName() 
										+ "' with an attribute '" 
										+ attrs.item(i).getNodeName() 										
										+ "' an undeclared prefix '" 
										+ attrPrefix + "'.");
				 	    }	
						
					}	

				}
					
				if (child.hasChildNodes()) {
					checkUnboundNamespacePrefixedNode(child);
				}	
	        }
		}    
	}	

    public boolean reset() {
        super.reset();
        if (fNSBinder != null){
            fNSBinder.reset();
            // during serialization always have a mapping to empty string
            // so we assume there is a declaration.
            fNSBinder.declarePrefix(XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING, XMLSymbols.EMPTY_STRING);
        }
        return true;
    }

}