/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.lang;

import org.apache.commons.lang.text.StrBuilder;

Operations on CharSets.
This class handles null input gracefully.
An exception will not be thrown for a null input.
Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.
#ThreadSafe#
Author:
Apache Software Foundation, Phil Steitz, Gary Gregory
See Also:
CharSet
Since:
1.0
Version:
$Id: CharSetUtils.java 1057072 2011-01-10 01:55:57Z niallp $/**
 * <p>Operations on <code>CharSet</code>s.</p>
 *
 * <p>This class handles <code>null</code> input gracefully.
 * An exception will not be thrown for a <code>null</code> input.
 * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
 * 
 * <p>#ThreadSafe#</p>
 * @see CharSet
 * @author Apache Software Foundation
 * @author Phil Steitz
 * @author Gary Gregory
 * @since 1.0
 * @version $Id: CharSetUtils.java 1057072 2011-01-10 01:55:57Z niallp $
 */
public class CharSetUtils {

    
CharSetUtils instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.
Instead, the class should be used as CharSetUtils.evaluateSet(null);.
This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean instance
to operate.
/**
     * <p>CharSetUtils instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.
     * Instead, the class should be used as <code>CharSetUtils.evaluateSet(null);</code>.</p>
     *
     * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean instance
     * to operate.</p>
     */
    public CharSetUtils() {
      super();
    }

    // Factory
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Creates a CharSet instance which allows a certain amount of
set logic to be performed.
The syntax is:

 
"aeio" which implies 'a','e',..
 
"^e" implies not e.
 
"ej-m" implies e,j->m. e,j,k,l,m.

CharSetUtils.evaluateSet(null)    = null
CharSetUtils.evaluateSet([])      = CharSet matching nothing
CharSetUtils.evaluateSet(["a-e"]) = CharSet matching a,b,c,d,e

Params:
set –  the set, may be null
Returns:
a CharSet instance, null if null input
Deprecated:
Use CharSet.getInstance(String[]). Method will be removed in Commons Lang 3.0./**
     * <p>Creates a <code>CharSet</code> instance which allows a certain amount of
     * set logic to be performed.</p>
     * <p>The syntax is:</p>
     * <ul>
     *  <li>&quot;aeio&quot; which implies 'a','e',..</li>
     *  <li>&quot;^e&quot; implies not e.</li>
     *  <li>&quot;ej-m&quot; implies e,j-&gt;m. e,j,k,l,m.</li>
     * </ul>
     * 
     * <pre>
     * CharSetUtils.evaluateSet(null)    = null
     * CharSetUtils.evaluateSet([])      = CharSet matching nothing
     * CharSetUtils.evaluateSet(["a-e"]) = CharSet matching a,b,c,d,e
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param set  the set, may be null
     * @return a CharSet instance, <code>null</code> if null input
     * @deprecated Use {@link CharSet#getInstance(String[])}.
     *             Method will be removed in Commons Lang 3.0.
     */
    public static CharSet evaluateSet(String[] set) {
        if (set == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return new CharSet(set); 
    }

    // Squeeze
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Squeezes any repetitions of a character that is mentioned in the
supplied set.
CharSetUtils.squeeze(null, *)        = null
CharSetUtils.squeeze("", *)          = ""
CharSetUtils.squeeze(*, null)        = *
CharSetUtils.squeeze(*, "")          = *
CharSetUtils.squeeze("hello", "k-p") = "helo"
CharSetUtils.squeeze("hello", "a-e") = "hello"

Params:
str –  the string to squeeze, may be null
set –  the character set to use for manipulation, may be null
See Also:
for set-syntax.
Returns:
modified String, null if null string input/**
     * <p>Squeezes any repetitions of a character that is mentioned in the
     * supplied set.</p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * CharSetUtils.squeeze(null, *)        = null
     * CharSetUtils.squeeze("", *)          = ""
     * CharSetUtils.squeeze(*, null)        = *
     * CharSetUtils.squeeze(*, "")          = *
     * CharSetUtils.squeeze("hello", "k-p") = "helo"
     * CharSetUtils.squeeze("hello", "a-e") = "hello"
     * </pre>
     *
     * @see CharSet#getInstance(java.lang.String) for set-syntax.
     * @param str  the string to squeeze, may be null
     * @param set  the character set to use for manipulation, may be null
     * @return modified String, <code>null</code> if null string input
     */
    public static String squeeze(String str, String set) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str) || StringUtils.isEmpty(set)) {
            return str;
        }
        String[] strs = new String[1];
        strs[0] = set;
        return squeeze(str, strs);
    }

    
Squeezes any repetitions of a character that is mentioned in the
supplied set.
An example is:

  
squeeze("hello", {"el"}) => "helo"

Params:
str –  the string to squeeze, may be null
set –  the character set to use for manipulation, may be null
See Also:
for set-syntax.
Returns:
modified String, null if null string input/**
     * <p>Squeezes any repetitions of a character that is mentioned in the
     * supplied set.</p>
     *
     * <p>An example is:</p>
     * <ul>
     *   <li>squeeze(&quot;hello&quot;, {&quot;el&quot;}) => &quot;helo&quot;</li>
     * </ul>
     * 
     * @see CharSet#getInstance(java.lang.String) for set-syntax.
     * @param str  the string to squeeze, may be null
     * @param set  the character set to use for manipulation, may be null
     * @return modified String, <code>null</code> if null string input
     */
    public static String squeeze(String str, String[] set) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str) || ArrayUtils.isEmpty(set)) {
            return str;
        }
        CharSet chars = CharSet.getInstance(set);
        StrBuilder buffer = new StrBuilder(str.length());
        char[] chrs = str.toCharArray();
        int sz = chrs.length;
        char lastChar = ' ';
        char ch = ' ';
        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
            ch = chrs[i];
            if (chars.contains(ch)) {
                if ((ch == lastChar) && (i != 0)) {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            buffer.append(ch);
            lastChar = ch;
        }
        return buffer.toString();
    }

    // Count
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Takes an argument in set-syntax, see evaluateSet,
and returns the number of characters present in the specified string.
CharSetUtils.count(null, *)        = 0
CharSetUtils.count("", *)          = 0
CharSetUtils.count(*, null)        = 0
CharSetUtils.count(*, "")          = 0
CharSetUtils.count("hello", "k-p") = 3
CharSetUtils.count("hello", "a-e") = 1

Params:
str –  String to count characters in, may be null
set –  String set of characters to count, may be null
See Also:
for set-syntax.
Returns:
character count, zero if null string input/**
     * <p>Takes an argument in set-syntax, see evaluateSet,
     * and returns the number of characters present in the specified string.</p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * CharSetUtils.count(null, *)        = 0
     * CharSetUtils.count("", *)          = 0
     * CharSetUtils.count(*, null)        = 0
     * CharSetUtils.count(*, "")          = 0
     * CharSetUtils.count("hello", "k-p") = 3
     * CharSetUtils.count("hello", "a-e") = 1
     * </pre>
     *
     * @see CharSet#getInstance(java.lang.String) for set-syntax.
     * @param str  String to count characters in, may be null
     * @param set  String set of characters to count, may be null
     * @return character count, zero if null string input
     */
    public static int count(String str, String set) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str) || StringUtils.isEmpty(set)) {
            return 0;
        }
        String[] strs = new String[1];
        strs[0] = set;
        return count(str, strs);
    }
    
    
Takes an argument in set-syntax, see evaluateSet,
and returns the number of characters present in the specified string.
An example would be:

 
count("hello", {"c-f", "o"}) returns 2.

Params:
str –  String to count characters in, may be null
set –  String[] set of characters to count, may be null
See Also:
for set-syntax.
Returns:
character count, zero if null string input/**
     * <p>Takes an argument in set-syntax, see evaluateSet,
     * and returns the number of characters present in the specified string.</p>
     *
     * <p>An example would be:</p>
     * <ul>
     *  <li>count(&quot;hello&quot;, {&quot;c-f&quot;, &quot;o&quot;}) returns 2.</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @see CharSet#getInstance(java.lang.String) for set-syntax.
     * @param str  String to count characters in, may be null
     * @param set  String[] set of characters to count, may be null
     * @return character count, zero if null string input
     */
    public static int count(String str, String[] set) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str) || ArrayUtils.isEmpty(set)) {
            return 0;
        }
        CharSet chars = CharSet.getInstance(set);
        int count = 0;
        char[] chrs = str.toCharArray();
        int sz = chrs.length;
        for(int i=0; i<sz; i++) {
            if(chars.contains(chrs[i])) {
                count++;
            }
        }
        return count;
    }

    // Keep
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Takes an argument in set-syntax, see evaluateSet,
and keeps any of characters present in the specified string.
CharSetUtils.keep(null, *)        = null
CharSetUtils.keep("", *)          = ""
CharSetUtils.keep(*, null)        = ""
CharSetUtils.keep(*, "")          = ""
CharSetUtils.keep("hello", "hl")  = "hll"
CharSetUtils.keep("hello", "le")  = "ell"

Params:
str –  String to keep characters from, may be null
set –  String set of characters to keep, may be null
See Also:
for set-syntax.
Returns:
modified String, null if null string input
Since:
2.0/**
     * <p>Takes an argument in set-syntax, see evaluateSet,
     * and keeps any of characters present in the specified string.</p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * CharSetUtils.keep(null, *)        = null
     * CharSetUtils.keep("", *)          = ""
     * CharSetUtils.keep(*, null)        = ""
     * CharSetUtils.keep(*, "")          = ""
     * CharSetUtils.keep("hello", "hl")  = "hll"
     * CharSetUtils.keep("hello", "le")  = "ell"
     * </pre>
     *
     * @see CharSet#getInstance(java.lang.String) for set-syntax.
     * @param str  String to keep characters from, may be null
     * @param set  String set of characters to keep, may be null
     * @return modified String, <code>null</code> if null string input
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static String keep(String str, String set) {
        if (str == null) {
            return null;
        }
        if (str.length() == 0 || StringUtils.isEmpty(set)) {
            return "";
        }
        String[] strs = new String[1];
        strs[0] = set;
        return keep(str, strs);
    }
    
    
Takes an argument in set-syntax, see evaluateSet,
and keeps any of characters present in the specified string.
An example would be:

 
keep("hello", {"c-f", "o"})
  returns "eo"

Params:
str –  String to keep characters from, may be null
set –  String[] set of characters to keep, may be null
See Also:
for set-syntax.
Returns:
modified String, null if null string input
Since:
2.0/**
     * <p>Takes an argument in set-syntax, see evaluateSet,
     * and keeps any of characters present in the specified string.</p>
     *
     * <p>An example would be:</p>
     * <ul>
     *  <li>keep(&quot;hello&quot;, {&quot;c-f&quot;, &quot;o&quot;})
     *   returns &quot;eo&quot;</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @see CharSet#getInstance(java.lang.String) for set-syntax.
     * @param str  String to keep characters from, may be null
     * @param set  String[] set of characters to keep, may be null
     * @return modified String, <code>null</code> if null string input
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static String keep(String str, String[] set) {
        if (str == null) {
            return null;
        }
        if (str.length() == 0 || ArrayUtils.isEmpty(set)) {
            return "";
        }
        return modify(str, set, true);
    }

    // Delete
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Takes an argument in set-syntax, see evaluateSet,
and deletes any of characters present in the specified string.
CharSetUtils.delete(null, *)        = null
CharSetUtils.delete("", *)          = ""
CharSetUtils.delete(*, null)        = *
CharSetUtils.delete(*, "")          = *
CharSetUtils.delete("hello", "hl")  = "eo"
CharSetUtils.delete("hello", "le")  = "ho"

Params:
str –  String to delete characters from, may be null
set –  String set of characters to delete, may be null
See Also:
for set-syntax.
Returns:
modified String, null if null string input/**
     * <p>Takes an argument in set-syntax, see evaluateSet,
     * and deletes any of characters present in the specified string.</p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * CharSetUtils.delete(null, *)        = null
     * CharSetUtils.delete("", *)          = ""
     * CharSetUtils.delete(*, null)        = *
     * CharSetUtils.delete(*, "")          = *
     * CharSetUtils.delete("hello", "hl")  = "eo"
     * CharSetUtils.delete("hello", "le")  = "ho"
     * </pre>
     *
     * @see CharSet#getInstance(java.lang.String) for set-syntax.
     * @param str  String to delete characters from, may be null
     * @param set  String set of characters to delete, may be null
     * @return modified String, <code>null</code> if null string input
     */
    public static String delete(String str, String set) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str) || StringUtils.isEmpty(set)) {
            return str;
        }
        String[] strs = new String[1];
        strs[0] = set;
        return delete(str, strs);
    }
    
    
Takes an argument in set-syntax, see evaluateSet,
and deletes any of characters present in the specified string.
An example would be:

 
delete("hello", {"c-f", "o"}) returns
  "hll"

Params:
str –  String to delete characters from, may be null
set –  String[] set of characters to delete, may be null
See Also:
for set-syntax.
Returns:
modified String, null if null string input/**
     * <p>Takes an argument in set-syntax, see evaluateSet,
     * and deletes any of characters present in the specified string.</p>
     *
     * <p>An example would be:</p>
     * <ul>
     *  <li>delete(&quot;hello&quot;, {&quot;c-f&quot;, &quot;o&quot;}) returns
     *   &quot;hll&quot;</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @see CharSet#getInstance(java.lang.String) for set-syntax.
     * @param str  String to delete characters from, may be null
     * @param set  String[] set of characters to delete, may be null
     * @return modified String, <code>null</code> if null string input
     */
    public static String delete(String str, String[] set) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str) || ArrayUtils.isEmpty(set)) {
            return str;
        }
        return modify(str, set, false);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Implementation of delete and keep
Params:
str – String to modify characters within
set – String[] set of characters to modify
expect – whether to evaluate on match, or non-match
Returns:
modified String/**
     * Implementation of delete and keep
     *
     * @param str String to modify characters within
     * @param set String[] set of characters to modify
     * @param expect whether to evaluate on match, or non-match
     * @return modified String
     */
    private static String modify(String str, String[] set, boolean expect) {
        CharSet chars = CharSet.getInstance(set);
        StrBuilder buffer = new StrBuilder(str.length());
        char[] chrs = str.toCharArray();
        int sz = chrs.length;
        for(int i=0; i<sz; i++) {
            if(chars.contains(chrs[i]) == expect) {
                buffer.append(chrs[i]);
            }
        }
        return buffer.toString();
    }

    // Translate
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Translate characters in a String.
This is a multi character search and replace routine.
An example is:

  
translate("hello", "ho", "jy")
   => jelly

If the length of characters to search for is greater than the
length of characters to replace, then the last character is 
used.
CharSetUtils.translate(null, *, *) = null
CharSetUtils.translate("", *, *)   = ""

Params:
str –  String to replace characters in, may be null
searchChars –   a set of characters to search for, must not be null
replaceChars –  a set of characters to replace, must not be null or empty ("")
Throws:
NullPointerException – if searchChars or replaceChars 
 is null
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException – if replaceChars is empty ("")
Returns:
translated String, null if null string input
Deprecated:
Use StringUtils.replaceChars(String, String, String). Method will be removed in Commons Lang 3.0. NOTE: StringUtils#replaceChars behaves differently when 'searchChars' is longer than 'replaceChars'. CharSetUtils#translate will use the last char of the replacement string whereas StringUtils#replaceChars will delete/**
     * <p>Translate characters in a String.
     * This is a multi character search and replace routine.</p>
     *
     * <p>An example is:</p>
     * <ul>
     *   <li>translate(&quot;hello&quot;, &quot;ho&quot;, &quot;jy&quot;)
     *    =&gt; jelly</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>If the length of characters to search for is greater than the
     * length of characters to replace, then the last character is 
     * used.</p>
     * 
     * <pre>
     * CharSetUtils.translate(null, *, *) = null
     * CharSetUtils.translate("", *, *)   = ""
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param str  String to replace characters in, may be null
     * @param searchChars   a set of characters to search for, must not be null
     * @param replaceChars  a set of characters to replace, must not be null or empty (&quot;&quot;)
     * @return translated String, <code>null</code> if null string input
     * @throws NullPointerException if <code>searchChars</code> or <code>replaceChars</code> 
     *  is <code>null</code>
     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if <code>replaceChars</code> is empty (&quot;&quot;)
     * @deprecated Use {@link StringUtils#replaceChars(String, String, String)}.
     *             Method will be removed in Commons Lang 3.0.
     *  NOTE: StringUtils#replaceChars behaves differently when 'searchChars' is longer
     *  than 'replaceChars'. CharSetUtils#translate will use the last char of the replacement
     *  string whereas StringUtils#replaceChars will delete
     */
    public static String translate(String str, String searchChars, String replaceChars) {
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str)) {
            return str;
        }
        StrBuilder buffer = new StrBuilder(str.length());
        char[] chrs = str.toCharArray();
        char[] withChrs = replaceChars.toCharArray();
        int sz = chrs.length;
        int withMax = replaceChars.length() - 1;
        for(int i=0; i<sz; i++) {
            int idx = searchChars.indexOf(chrs[i]);
            if(idx != -1) {
                if(idx > withMax) {
                    idx = withMax;
                }
                buffer.append(withChrs[idx]);
            } else {
                buffer.append(chrs[i]);
            }
        }
        return buffer.toString();
    }

}