/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.lang;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

A set of characters.
Instances are immutable, but instances of subclasses may not be.
#ThreadSafe#
Author:
Apache Software Foundation, Phil Steitz, Pete Gieser, Gary Gregory
Since:
1.0
Version:
$Id: CharSet.java 1056988 2011-01-09 17:58:53Z niallp $/**
 * <p>A set of characters.</p>
 *
 * <p>Instances are immutable, but instances of subclasses may not be.</p>
 *
 * <p>#ThreadSafe#</p>
 * @author Apache Software Foundation
 * @author Phil Steitz
 * @author Pete Gieser
 * @author Gary Gregory
 * @since 1.0
 * @version $Id: CharSet.java 1056988 2011-01-09 17:58:53Z niallp $
 */
public class CharSet implements Serializable {

    
Required for serialization support. Lang version 2.0. 
See Also:
Serializable/**
     * Required for serialization support. Lang version 2.0. 
     * 
     * @see java.io.Serializable
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 5947847346149275958L;

    
A CharSet defining no characters. 
Since:
2.0/** 
     * A CharSet defining no characters. 
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static final CharSet EMPTY = new CharSet((String) null);

    
A CharSet defining ASCII alphabetic characters "a-zA-Z".
Since:
2.0/** 
     * A CharSet defining ASCII alphabetic characters "a-zA-Z".
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static final CharSet ASCII_ALPHA = new CharSet("a-zA-Z");

    
A CharSet defining ASCII alphabetic characters "a-z".
Since:
2.0/** 
     * A CharSet defining ASCII alphabetic characters "a-z".
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static final CharSet ASCII_ALPHA_LOWER = new CharSet("a-z");

    
A CharSet defining ASCII alphabetic characters "A-Z".
Since:
2.0/** 
     * A CharSet defining ASCII alphabetic characters "A-Z".
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static final CharSet ASCII_ALPHA_UPPER = new CharSet("A-Z");

    
A CharSet defining ASCII alphabetic characters "0-9".
Since:
2.0/** 
     * A CharSet defining ASCII alphabetic characters "0-9".
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static final CharSet ASCII_NUMERIC = new CharSet("0-9");

    
A Map of the common cases used in the factory.
Subclasses can add more common patterns if desired
Since:
2.0/**
     * A Map of the common cases used in the factory.
     * Subclasses can add more common patterns if desired
     * @since 2.0
     */
    protected static final Map COMMON = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap());
    
    static {
        COMMON.put(null, EMPTY);
        COMMON.put("", EMPTY);
        COMMON.put("a-zA-Z", ASCII_ALPHA);
        COMMON.put("A-Za-z", ASCII_ALPHA);
        COMMON.put("a-z", ASCII_ALPHA_LOWER);
        COMMON.put("A-Z", ASCII_ALPHA_UPPER);
        COMMON.put("0-9", ASCII_NUMERIC);
    }

    
The set of CharRange objects. /** The set of CharRange objects. */
    private final Set set = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet());

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Factory method to create a new CharSet using a special syntax.

 
null or empty string ("")
- set containing no characters
 
Single character, such as "a"
 - set containing just that character
 
Multi character, such as "a-e"
 - set containing characters from one character to the other
 
Negated, such as "^a" or "^a-e"
 - set containing all characters except those defined
 
Combinations, such as "abe-g"
 - set containing all the characters from the individual sets

The matching order is:

 
Negated multi character range, such as "^a-e"
 
Ordinary multi character range, such as "a-e"
 
Negated single character, such as "^a"
 
Ordinary single character, such as "a"

Matching works left to right. Once a match is found the
search starts again from the next character.
If the same range is defined twice using the same syntax, only
one range will be kept.
Thus, "a-ca-c" creates only one range of "a-c".
If the start and end of a range are in the wrong order,
they are reversed. Thus "a-e" is the same as "e-a".
As a result, "a-ee-a" would create only one range,
as the "a-e" and "e-a" are the same.
The set of characters represented is the union of the specified ranges.
All CharSet objects returned by this method will be immutable.
Params:
setStr –  the String describing the set, may be null
Returns:
a CharSet instance
Since:
2.0/**
     * <p>Factory method to create a new CharSet using a special syntax.</p>
     *
     * <ul>
     *  <li><code>null</code> or empty string ("")
     * - set containing no characters</li>
     *  <li>Single character, such as "a"
     *  - set containing just that character</li>
     *  <li>Multi character, such as "a-e"
     *  - set containing characters from one character to the other</li>
     *  <li>Negated, such as "^a" or "^a-e"
     *  - set containing all characters except those defined</li>
     *  <li>Combinations, such as "abe-g"
     *  - set containing all the characters from the individual sets</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>The matching order is:</p>
     * <ol>
     *  <li>Negated multi character range, such as "^a-e"
     *  <li>Ordinary multi character range, such as "a-e"
     *  <li>Negated single character, such as "^a"
     *  <li>Ordinary single character, such as "a"
     * </ol>
     * <p>Matching works left to right. Once a match is found the
     * search starts again from the next character.</p>
     *
     * <p>If the same range is defined twice using the same syntax, only
     * one range will be kept.
     * Thus, "a-ca-c" creates only one range of "a-c".</p>
     *
     * <p>If the start and end of a range are in the wrong order,
     * they are reversed. Thus "a-e" is the same as "e-a".
     * As a result, "a-ee-a" would create only one range,
     * as the "a-e" and "e-a" are the same.</p>
     *
     * <p>The set of characters represented is the union of the specified ranges.</p>
     *
     * <p>All CharSet objects returned by this method will be immutable.</p>
     *
     * @param setStr  the String describing the set, may be null
     * @return a CharSet instance
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static CharSet getInstance(String setStr) {
        Object set = COMMON.get(setStr);
        if (set != null) {
            return (CharSet) set;
        }
        return new CharSet(setStr);
    }

    
Constructs a new CharSet using the set syntax.
Each string is merged in with the set.
Params:
setStrs –  Strings to merge into the initial set, may be null
Returns:
a CharSet instance
Since:
2.4/**
     * <p>Constructs a new CharSet using the set syntax.
     * Each string is merged in with the set.</p>
     *
     * @param setStrs  Strings to merge into the initial set, may be null
     * @return a CharSet instance
     * @since 2.4
     */
    public static CharSet getInstance(String[] setStrs) {
        if (setStrs == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return new CharSet(setStrs); 
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Constructs a new CharSet using the set syntax.
Params:
setStr –  the String describing the set, may be null
Since:
2.0/**
     * <p>Constructs a new CharSet using the set syntax.</p>
     *
     * @param setStr  the String describing the set, may be null
     * @since 2.0
     */
    protected CharSet(String setStr) {
        super();
        add(setStr);
    }

    
Constructs a new CharSet using the set syntax.
Each string is merged in with the set.
Params:
set –  Strings to merge into the initial set
Throws:
NullPointerException – if set is null/**
     * <p>Constructs a new CharSet using the set syntax.
     * Each string is merged in with the set.</p>
     *
     * @param set  Strings to merge into the initial set
     * @throws NullPointerException if set is <code>null</code>
     */
    protected CharSet(String[] set) {
        super();
        int sz = set.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
            add(set[i]);
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Add a set definition string to the CharSet.
Params:
str –  set definition string/**
     * <p>Add a set definition string to the <code>CharSet</code>.</p>
     *
     * @param str  set definition string
     */
    protected void add(String str) {
        if (str == null) {
            return;
        }

        int len = str.length();
        int pos = 0;
        while (pos < len) {
            int remainder = (len - pos);
            if (remainder >= 4 && str.charAt(pos) == '^' && str.charAt(pos + 2) == '-') {
                // negated range
                set.add(CharRange.isNotIn(str.charAt(pos + 1), str.charAt(pos + 3)));
                pos += 4;
            } else if (remainder >= 3 && str.charAt(pos + 1) == '-') {
                // range
                set.add(CharRange.isIn(str.charAt(pos), str.charAt(pos + 2)));
                pos += 3;
            } else if (remainder >= 2 && str.charAt(pos) == '^') {
                // negated char
                set.add(CharRange.isNot(str.charAt(pos + 1)));
                pos += 2;
            } else {
                // char
                set.add(CharRange.is(str.charAt(pos)));
                pos += 1;
            }
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Gets the internal set as an array of CharRange objects.
Returns:
an array of immutable CharRange objects
Since:
2.0/**
     * <p>Gets the internal set as an array of CharRange objects.</p>
     *
     * @return an array of immutable CharRange objects
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public CharRange[] getCharRanges() {
        return (CharRange[]) set.toArray(new CharRange[set.size()]);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Does the CharSet contain the specified
character ch.
Params:
ch –  the character to check for
Returns:
true if the set contains the characters/**
     * <p>Does the <code>CharSet</code> contain the specified
     * character <code>ch</code>.</p>
     *
     * @param ch  the character to check for
     * @return <code>true</code> if the set contains the characters
     */
    public boolean contains(char ch) {
        for (Iterator it = set.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
            CharRange range = (CharRange) it.next();
            if (range.contains(ch)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    // Basics
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Compares two CharSet objects, returning true if they represent
exactly the same set of characters defined in the same way.
The two sets abc and a-c are not
equal according to this method.
Params:
obj –  the object to compare to
Returns:
true if equal
Since:
2.0/**
     * <p>Compares two CharSet objects, returning true if they represent
     * exactly the same set of characters defined in the same way.</p>
     *
     * <p>The two sets <code>abc</code> and <code>a-c</code> are <i>not</i>
     * equal according to this method.</p>
     *
     * @param obj  the object to compare to
     * @return true if equal
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj == this) {
            return true;
        }
        if (obj instanceof CharSet == false) {
            return false;
        }
        CharSet other = (CharSet) obj;
        return set.equals(other.set);
    }

    
Gets a hashCode compatible with the equals method.
Returns:
a suitable hashCode
Since:
2.0/**
     * <p>Gets a hashCode compatible with the equals method.</p>
     *
     * @return a suitable hashCode
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public int hashCode() {
        return 89 + set.hashCode();
    }

    
Gets a string representation of the set.
Returns:
string representation of the set/**
     * <p>Gets a string representation of the set.</p>
     *
     * @return string representation of the set
     */
    public String toString() {
        return set.toString();
    }

}