/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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 */

package org.apache.commons.math3.complex;

import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.MathIllegalArgumentException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.util.LocalizedFormats;
import org.apache.commons.math3.util.FastMath;

Static implementations of common Complex utilities functions. /**
 * Static implementations of common
 * {@link org.apache.commons.math3.complex.Complex} utilities functions.
 *
 */
public class ComplexUtils {

    
Default constructor.
/**
     * Default constructor.
     */
    private ComplexUtils() {}

    
Creates a complex number from the given polar representation.

The value returned is r·ei·theta,
computed as r·cos(theta) + r·sin(theta)i

If either r or theta is NaN, or
theta is infinite, Complex.NaN is returned.

If r is infinite and theta is finite,
infinite or NaN values may be returned in parts of the result, following
the rules for double arithmetic.
Examples:

polar2Complex(INFINITY, π/4) = INFINITY + INFINITY i
polar2Complex(INFINITY, 0) = INFINITY + NaN i
polar2Complex(INFINITY, -π/4) = INFINITY - INFINITY i
polar2Complex(INFINITY, 5π/4) = -INFINITY - INFINITY i 

Params:
r – the modulus of the complex number to create
theta –  the argument of the complex number to create
Throws:
MathIllegalArgumentException – if r is negative.
Returns:
r·ei·theta
Since:
1.1/**
     * Creates a complex number from the given polar representation.
     * <p>
     * The value returned is <code>r&middot;e<sup>i&middot;theta</sup></code>,
     * computed as <code>r&middot;cos(theta) + r&middot;sin(theta)i</code></p>
     * <p>
     * If either <code>r</code> or <code>theta</code> is NaN, or
     * <code>theta</code> is infinite, {@link Complex#NaN} is returned.</p>
     * <p>
     * If <code>r</code> is infinite and <code>theta</code> is finite,
     * infinite or NaN values may be returned in parts of the result, following
     * the rules for double arithmetic.<pre>
     * Examples:
     * <code>
     * polar2Complex(INFINITY, &pi;/4) = INFINITY + INFINITY i
     * polar2Complex(INFINITY, 0) = INFINITY + NaN i
     * polar2Complex(INFINITY, -&pi;/4) = INFINITY - INFINITY i
     * polar2Complex(INFINITY, 5&pi;/4) = -INFINITY - INFINITY i </code></pre></p>
     *
     * @param r the modulus of the complex number to create
     * @param theta  the argument of the complex number to create
     * @return <code>r&middot;e<sup>i&middot;theta</sup></code>
     * @throws MathIllegalArgumentException if {@code r} is negative.
     * @since 1.1
     */
    public static Complex polar2Complex(double r, double theta) throws MathIllegalArgumentException {
        if (r < 0) {
            throw new MathIllegalArgumentException(
                  LocalizedFormats.NEGATIVE_COMPLEX_MODULE, r);
        }
        return new Complex(r * FastMath.cos(theta), r * FastMath.sin(theta));
    }

    
Convert an array of primitive doubles to an array of Complex objects. 
Params:
real – Array of numbers to be converted to their Complex equivalent.
Returns:
an array of Complex objects.
Since:
3.1/**
     * Convert an array of primitive doubles to an array of {@code Complex} objects.
     *
     * @param real Array of numbers to be converted to their {@code Complex}
     * equivalent.
     * @return an array of {@code Complex} objects.
     *
     * @since 3.1
     */
    public static Complex[] convertToComplex(double[] real) {
        final Complex c[] = new Complex[real.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < real.length; i++) {
            c[i] = new Complex(real[i], 0);
        }

        return c;
    }
}