https://openjdk.java.net/ 
/*
 * Copyright (c) 1994, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package java.lang;

import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType;
import java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration;
import java.lang.reflect.Member;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedType;
import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Objects;
import sun.misc.Unsafe;
import sun.reflect.CallerSensitive;
import sun.reflect.ConstantPool;
import sun.reflect.Reflection;
import sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory;
import sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory;
import sun.reflect.generics.factory.GenericsFactory;
import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository;
import sun.reflect.generics.repository.MethodRepository;
import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;
import sun.reflect.generics.scope.ClassScope;
import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import sun.reflect.annotation.*;
import sun.reflect.misc.ReflectUtil;


Instances of the class Class represent classes and interfaces in a running Java application. An enum is a kind of class and an annotation is a kind of interface. Every array also belongs to a class that is reflected as a Class object that is shared by all arrays with the same element type and number of dimensions. The primitive Java types (boolean, byte, char, short, int, long, float, and double), and the keyword void are also represented as Class objects. 
 Class has no public constructor. Instead Class objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes are loaded and by calls to the defineClass method in the class loader. 
 The following example uses a Class object to print the class name of an object: 
    void printClassName(Object obj) {
        System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
                           " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
    }



 It is also possible to get the Class object for a named type (or for void) using a class literal. See Section 15.8.2 of The Java™ Language Specification.
For example:

 System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName()); 


Author: unascribed
Type parameters:
  • <T> – the type of the class modeled by this Class object. For example, the type of String.class is 
Class<String>. Use Class<?> if the class being modeled is unknown.
See Also:
Since:  JDK1.0
/**
 * Instances of the class {@code Class} represent classes and
 * interfaces in a running Java application.  An enum is a kind of
 * class and an annotation is a kind of interface.  Every array also
 * belongs to a class that is reflected as a {@code Class} object
 * that is shared by all arrays with the same element type and number
 * of dimensions.  The primitive Java types ({@code boolean},
 * {@code byte}, {@code char}, {@code short},
 * {@code int}, {@code long}, {@code float}, and
 * {@code double}), and the keyword {@code void} are also
 * represented as {@code Class} objects.
 *
 * <p> {@code Class} has no public constructor. Instead {@code Class}
 * objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes
 * are loaded and by calls to the {@code defineClass} method in the class
 * loader.
 *
 * <p> The following example uses a {@code Class} object to print the
 * class name of an object:
 *
 * <blockquote><pre>
 *     void printClassName(Object obj) {
 *         System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
 *                            " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
 *     }
 * </pre></blockquote>
 *
 * <p> It is also possible to get the {@code Class} object for a named
 * type (or for void) using a class literal.  See Section 15.8.2 of
 * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
 * For example:
 *
 * <blockquote>
 *     {@code System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName());}
 * </blockquote>
 *
 * @param <T> the type of the class modeled by this {@code Class}
 * object.  For example, the type of {@code String.class} is {@code
 * Class<String>}.  Use {@code Class<?>} if the class being modeled is
 * unknown.
 *
 * @author  unascribed
 * @see     java.lang.ClassLoader#defineClass(byte[], int, int)
 * @since   JDK1.0
 */
public final class Class<T> implements java.io.Serializable,
                              GenericDeclaration,
                              Type,
                              AnnotatedElement {
    private static final int ANNOTATION= 0x00002000;
    private static final int ENUM      = 0x00004000;
    private static final int SYNTHETIC = 0x00001000;

    private static native void registerNatives();
    static {
        registerNatives();
    }

    /*
     * Private constructor. Only the Java Virtual Machine creates Class objects.
     * This constructor is not used and prevents the default constructor being
     * generated.
     */
    private Class(ClassLoader loader) {
        // Initialize final field for classLoader.  The initialization value of non-null
        // prevents future JIT optimizations from assuming this final field is null.
        classLoader = loader;
    }

    
Converts the object to a string. The string representation is the string "class" or "interface", followed by a space, and then by the fully qualified name of the class in the format returned by getName. If this Class object represents a primitive type, this method returns the name of the primitive type. If this Class object represents void this method returns "void". 
Returns:a string representation of this class object.
/**
     * Converts the object to a string. The string representation is the
     * string "class" or "interface", followed by a space, and then by the
     * fully qualified name of the class in the format returned by
     * {@code getName}.  If this {@code Class} object represents a
     * primitive type, this method returns the name of the primitive type.  If
     * this {@code Class} object represents void this method returns
     * "void".
     *
     * @return a string representation of this class object.
     */
    public String toString() {
        return (isInterface() ? "interface " : (isPrimitive() ? "" : "class "))
            + getName();
    }

    
Returns a string describing this Class, including information about modifiers and type parameters. The string is formatted as a list of type modifiers, if any, followed by the kind of type (empty string for primitive types and class, enum, interface, or @interface, as appropriate), followed by the type's name, followed by an angle-bracketed comma-separated list of the type's type parameters, if any. A space is used to separate modifiers from one another and to separate any modifiers from the kind of type. The modifiers occur in canonical order. If there are no type parameters, the type parameter list is elided. 
Note that since information about the runtime representation
of a type is being generated, modifiers not present on the
originating source code or illegal on the originating source
code may be present.

Returns:a string describing this Class, including information about modifiers and type parameters
Since:1.8
/**
     * Returns a string describing this {@code Class}, including
     * information about modifiers and type parameters.
     *
     * The string is formatted as a list of type modifiers, if any,
     * followed by the kind of type (empty string for primitive types
     * and {@code class}, {@code enum}, {@code interface}, or
     * <code>&#64;</code>{@code interface}, as appropriate), followed
     * by the type's name, followed by an angle-bracketed
     * comma-separated list of the type's type parameters, if any.
     *
     * A space is used to separate modifiers from one another and to
     * separate any modifiers from the kind of type. The modifiers
     * occur in canonical order. If there are no type parameters, the
     * type parameter list is elided.
     *
     * <p>Note that since information about the runtime representation
     * of a type is being generated, modifiers not present on the
     * originating source code or illegal on the originating source
     * code may be present.
     *
     * @return a string describing this {@code Class}, including
     * information about modifiers and type parameters
     *
     * @since 1.8
     */
    public String toGenericString() {
        if (isPrimitive()) {
            return toString();
        } else {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

            // Class modifiers are a superset of interface modifiers
            int modifiers = getModifiers() & Modifier.classModifiers();
            if (modifiers != 0) {
                sb.append(Modifier.toString(modifiers));
                sb.append(' ');
            }

            if (isAnnotation()) {
                sb.append('@');
            }
            if (isInterface()) { // Note: all annotation types are interfaces
                sb.append("interface");
            } else {
                if (isEnum())
                    sb.append("enum");
                else
                    sb.append("class");
            }
            sb.append(' ');
            sb.append(getName());

            TypeVariable<?>[] typeparms = getTypeParameters();
            if (typeparms.length > 0) {
                boolean first = true;
                sb.append('<');
                for(TypeVariable<?> typeparm: typeparms) {
                    if (!first)
                        sb.append(',');
                    sb.append(typeparm.getTypeName());
                    first = false;
                }
                sb.append('>');
            }

            return sb.toString();
        }
    }

    
Returns the Class object associated with the class or interface with the given string name. Invoking this method is equivalent to: 
 Class.forName(className, true, currentLoader) 
 where currentLoader denotes the defining class loader of the current class. 
 For example, the following code fragment returns the runtime Class descriptor for the class named java.lang.Thread: 
 Class t = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread") 


 A call to forName("X") causes the class named X to be initialized. 
Params:
  • className –   the fully qualified name of the desired class.
Throws:
Returns: the Class object for the class with the specified name.
/**
     * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
     * interface with the given string name.  Invoking this method is
     * equivalent to:
     *
     * <blockquote>
     *  {@code Class.forName(className, true, currentLoader)}
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * where {@code currentLoader} denotes the defining class loader of
     * the current class.
     *
     * <p> For example, the following code fragment returns the
     * runtime {@code Class} descriptor for the class named
     * {@code java.lang.Thread}:
     *
     * <blockquote>
     *   {@code Class t = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread")}
     * </blockquote>
     * <p>
     * A call to {@code forName("X")} causes the class named
     * {@code X} to be initialized.
     *
     * @param      className   the fully qualified name of the desired class.
     * @return     the {@code Class} object for the class with the
     *             specified name.
     * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *            by this method fails
     * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public static Class<?> forName(String className)
                throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
        return forName0(className, true, ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller), caller);
    }


    
Returns the Class object associated with the class or interface with the given string name, using the given class loader. Given the fully qualified name for a class or interface (in the same format returned by getName) this method attempts to locate, load, and link the class or interface. The specified class loader is used to load the class or interface. If the parameter loader is null, the class is loaded through the bootstrap class loader. The class is initialized only if the initialize parameter is true and if it has not been initialized earlier. 
 If name denotes a primitive type or void, an attempt will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package whose name is name. Therefore, this method cannot be used to obtain any of the Class objects representing primitive types or void. 
 If name denotes an array class, the component type of the array class is loaded but not initialized. 
 For example, in an instance method the expression:

 Class.forName("Foo") 

is equivalent to:

 Class.forName("Foo", true, this.getClass().getClassLoader()) 

Note that this method throws errors related to loading, linking or
initializing as specified in Sections 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 of The
Java Language Specification.
Note that this method does not check whether the requested class
is accessible to its caller.

 If the loader is null, and a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader is not null, then this method calls the security manager's checkPermission method with a RuntimePermission("getClassLoader") permission to ensure it's ok to access the bootstrap class loader. 
Params:
  • name –       fully qualified name of the desired class
  • initialize – if true the class will be initialized. See Section 12.4 of The Java Language Specification.
  • loader –     class loader from which the class must be loaded
Throws:
See Also:
Returns:          class object representing the desired class
Since:    1.2
/**
     * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
     * interface with the given string name, using the given class loader.
     * Given the fully qualified name for a class or interface (in the same
     * format returned by {@code getName}) this method attempts to
     * locate, load, and link the class or interface.  The specified class
     * loader is used to load the class or interface.  If the parameter
     * {@code loader} is null, the class is loaded through the bootstrap
     * class loader.  The class is initialized only if the
     * {@code initialize} parameter is {@code true} and if it has
     * not been initialized earlier.
     *
     * <p> If {@code name} denotes a primitive type or void, an attempt
     * will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package whose
     * name is {@code name}. Therefore, this method cannot be used to
     * obtain any of the {@code Class} objects representing primitive
     * types or void.
     *
     * <p> If {@code name} denotes an array class, the component type of
     * the array class is loaded but not initialized.
     *
     * <p> For example, in an instance method the expression:
     *
     * <blockquote>
     *  {@code Class.forName("Foo")}
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * is equivalent to:
     *
     * <blockquote>
     *  {@code Class.forName("Foo", true, this.getClass().getClassLoader())}
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * Note that this method throws errors related to loading, linking or
     * initializing as specified in Sections 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 of <em>The
     * Java Language Specification</em>.
     * Note that this method does not check whether the requested class
     * is accessible to its caller.
     *
     * <p> If the {@code loader} is {@code null}, and a security
     * manager is present, and the caller's class loader is not null, then this
     * method calls the security manager's {@code checkPermission} method
     * with a {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} permission to
     * ensure it's ok to access the bootstrap class loader.
     *
     * @param name       fully qualified name of the desired class
     * @param initialize if {@code true} the class will be initialized.
     *                   See Section 12.4 of <em>The Java Language Specification</em>.
     * @param loader     class loader from which the class must be loaded
     * @return           class object representing the desired class
     *
     * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *            by this method fails
     * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located by
     *            the specified class loader
     *
     * @see       java.lang.Class#forName(String)
     * @see       java.lang.ClassLoader
     * @since     1.2
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize,
                                   ClassLoader loader)
        throws ClassNotFoundException
    {
        Class<?> caller = null;
        SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (sm != null) {
            // Reflective call to get caller class is only needed if a security manager
            // is present.  Avoid the overhead of making this call otherwise.
            caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
            if (sun.misc.VM.isSystemDomainLoader(loader)) {
                ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
                if (!sun.misc.VM.isSystemDomainLoader(ccl)) {
                    sm.checkPermission(
                        SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
                }
            }
        }
        return forName0(name, initialize, loader, caller);
    }

    
Called after security check for system loader access checks have been made. 
/** Called after security check for system loader access checks have been made. */
    private static native Class<?> forName0(String name, boolean initialize,
                                            ClassLoader loader,
                                            Class<?> caller)
        throws ClassNotFoundException;

    
Creates a new instance of the class represented by this Class object. The class is instantiated as if by a new expression with an empty argument list. The class is initialized if it has not already been initialized. 
Note that this method propagates any exception thrown by the nullary constructor, including a checked exception. Use of this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler. The 
Constructor.newInstance method avoids this problem by wrapping any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) InvocationTargetException. 
Throws:
  • IllegalAccessException –  if the class or its nullary
         constructor is not accessible.
  • InstantiationException –  if this Class represents an abstract class, an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void; or if the class has no nullary constructor; or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.
  • ExceptionInInitializerError – if the initialization
         provoked by this method fails.
  • SecurityException – 
         If a security manager, s, is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of 
         s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of this class.
Returns: a newly allocated instance of the class represented by this
         object.
/**
     * Creates a new instance of the class represented by this {@code Class}
     * object.  The class is instantiated as if by a {@code new}
     * expression with an empty argument list.  The class is initialized if it
     * has not already been initialized.
     *
     * <p>Note that this method propagates any exception thrown by the
     * nullary constructor, including a checked exception.  Use of
     * this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception
     * checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler.
     * The {@link
     * java.lang.reflect.Constructor#newInstance(java.lang.Object...)
     * Constructor.newInstance} method avoids this problem by wrapping
     * any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) {@link
     * java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException}.
     *
     * @return  a newly allocated instance of the class represented by this
     *          object.
     * @throws  IllegalAccessException  if the class or its nullary
     *          constructor is not accessible.
     * @throws  InstantiationException
     *          if this {@code Class} represents an abstract class,
     *          an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void;
     *          or if the class has no nullary constructor;
     *          or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.
     * @throws  ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization
     *          provoked by this method fails.
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
     *          the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *          of this class.
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public T newInstance()
        throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
            checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
        }

        // NOTE: the following code may not be strictly correct under
        // the current Java memory model.

        // Constructor lookup
        if (cachedConstructor == null) {
            if (this == Class.class) {
                throw new IllegalAccessException(
                    "Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class"
                );
            }
            try {
                Class<?>[] empty = {};
                final Constructor<T> c = getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED);
                // Disable accessibility checks on the constructor
                // since we have to do the security check here anyway
                // (the stack depth is wrong for the Constructor's
                // security check to work)
                java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
                    new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
                        public Void run() {
                                c.setAccessible(true);
                                return null;
                            }
                        });
                cachedConstructor = c;
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                throw (InstantiationException)
                    new InstantiationException(getName()).initCause(e);
            }
        }
        Constructor<T> tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor;
        // Security check (same as in java.lang.reflect.Constructor)
        int modifiers = tmpConstructor.getModifiers();
        if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(this, modifiers)) {
            Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
            if (newInstanceCallerCache != caller) {
                Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(caller, this, null, modifiers);
                newInstanceCallerCache = caller;
            }
        }
        // Run constructor
        try {
            return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());
            // Not reached
            return null;
        }
    }
    private volatile transient Constructor<T> cachedConstructor;
    private volatile transient Class<?>       newInstanceCallerCache;


    
Determines if the specified Object is assignment-compatible with the object represented by this Class. This method is the dynamic equivalent of the Java language instanceof operator. The method returns true if the specified Object argument is non-null and can be cast to the reference type represented by this Class object without raising a ClassCastException. It returns false otherwise. 
 Specifically, if this Class object represents a declared class, this method returns true if the specified Object argument is an instance of the represented class (or of any of its subclasses); it returns false otherwise. If this Class object represents an array class, this method returns true if the specified Object argument can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns false otherwise. If this Class object represents an interface, this method returns true if the class or any superclass of the specified Object argument implements this interface; it returns false otherwise. If this Class object represents a primitive type, this method returns false. 
Params:
  • obj – the object to check
Returns: true if obj is an instance of this class
Since:JDK1.1
/**
     * Determines if the specified {@code Object} is assignment-compatible
     * with the object represented by this {@code Class}.  This method is
     * the dynamic equivalent of the Java language {@code instanceof}
     * operator. The method returns {@code true} if the specified
     * {@code Object} argument is non-null and can be cast to the
     * reference type represented by this {@code Class} object without
     * raising a {@code ClassCastException.} It returns {@code false}
     * otherwise.
     *
     * <p> Specifically, if this {@code Class} object represents a
     * declared class, this method returns {@code true} if the specified
     * {@code Object} argument is an instance of the represented class (or
     * of any of its subclasses); it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
     * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, this method
     * returns {@code true} if the specified {@code Object} argument
     * can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity
     * conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns
     * {@code false} otherwise. If this {@code Class} object
     * represents an interface, this method returns {@code true} if the
     * class or any superclass of the specified {@code Object} argument
     * implements this interface; it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
     * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, this method
     * returns {@code false}.
     *
     * @param   obj the object to check
     * @return  true if {@code obj} is an instance of this class
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public native boolean isInstance(Object obj);


    
Determines if the class or interface represented by this Class object is either the same as, or is a superclass or superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified Class parameter. It returns true if so; otherwise it returns false. If this Class object represents a primitive type, this method returns true if the specified Class parameter is exactly this Class object; otherwise it returns false. 
 Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the specified Class parameter can be converted to the type represented by this Class object via an identity conversion or via a widening reference conversion. See The Java Language
Specification, sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.4 , for details.

Params:
  • cls – the Class object to be checked
Throws:
Returns:the boolean value indicating whether objects of the type cls can be assigned to objects of this class
Since:JDK1.1
/**
     * Determines if the class or interface represented by this
     * {@code Class} object is either the same as, or is a superclass or
     * superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified
     * {@code Class} parameter. It returns {@code true} if so;
     * otherwise it returns {@code false}. If this {@code Class}
     * object represents a primitive type, this method returns
     * {@code true} if the specified {@code Class} parameter is
     * exactly this {@code Class} object; otherwise it returns
     * {@code false}.
     *
     * <p> Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
     * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
     * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
     * or via a widening reference conversion. See <em>The Java Language
     * Specification</em>, sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.4 , for details.
     *
     * @param cls the {@code Class} object to be checked
     * @return the {@code boolean} value indicating whether objects of the
     * type {@code cls} can be assigned to objects of this class
     * @exception NullPointerException if the specified Class parameter is
     *            null.
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public native boolean isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls);


    
Determines if the specified Class object represents an interface type. 
Returns: true if this object represents an interface; false otherwise.
/**
     * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents an
     * interface type.
     *
     * @return  {@code true} if this object represents an interface;
     *          {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public native boolean isInterface();


    
Determines if this Class object represents an array class. 
Returns: true if this object represents an array class; false otherwise.
Since:  JDK1.1
/**
     * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents an array class.
     *
     * @return  {@code true} if this object represents an array class;
     *          {@code false} otherwise.
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    public native boolean isArray();


    
Determines if the specified Class object represents a primitive type. 
 There are nine predefined Class objects to represent the eight primitive types and void. These are created by the Java Virtual Machine, and have the same names as the primitive types that they represent, namely boolean, byte, char, short, int, long, float, and double. 
 These objects may only be accessed via the following public static final variables, and are the only Class objects for which this method returns true. 
See Also:
Returns:true if and only if this class represents a primitive type
Since:JDK1.1
/**
     * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents a
     * primitive type.
     *
     * <p> There are nine predefined {@code Class} objects to represent
     * the eight primitive types and void.  These are created by the Java
     * Virtual Machine, and have the same names as the primitive types that
     * they represent, namely {@code boolean}, {@code byte},
     * {@code char}, {@code short}, {@code int},
     * {@code long}, {@code float}, and {@code double}.
     *
     * <p> These objects may only be accessed via the following public static
     * final variables, and are the only {@code Class} objects for which
     * this method returns {@code true}.
     *
     * @return true if and only if this class represents a primitive type
     *
     * @see     java.lang.Boolean#TYPE
     * @see     java.lang.Character#TYPE
     * @see     java.lang.Byte#TYPE
     * @see     java.lang.Short#TYPE
     * @see     java.lang.Integer#TYPE
     * @see     java.lang.Long#TYPE
     * @see     java.lang.Float#TYPE
     * @see     java.lang.Double#TYPE
     * @see     java.lang.Void#TYPE
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public native boolean isPrimitive();

    
Returns true if this Class object represents an annotation type. Note that if this method returns true, isInterface() would also return true, as all annotation types are also interfaces. 
Returns:true if this class object represents an annotation type; false otherwise
Since:1.5
/**
     * Returns true if this {@code Class} object represents an annotation
     * type.  Note that if this method returns true, {@link #isInterface()}
     * would also return true, as all annotation types are also interfaces.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if this class object represents an annotation
     *      type; {@code false} otherwise
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean isAnnotation() {
        return (getModifiers() & ANNOTATION) != 0;
    }

    
Returns true if this class is a synthetic class; returns false otherwise. 
Returns:true if and only if this class is a synthetic class as defined by the Java Language Specification.
@jls13.1 The Form of a Binary
Since:1.5
/**
     * Returns {@code true} if this class is a synthetic class;
     * returns {@code false} otherwise.
     * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a synthetic class as
     *         defined by the Java Language Specification.
     * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean isSynthetic() {
        return (getModifiers() & SYNTHETIC) != 0;
    }

    
Returns the name of the entity (class, interface, array class, primitive type, or void) represented by this Class object, as a String. 
 If this class object represents a reference type that is not an
array type then the binary name of the class is returned, as specified
by
The Java™ Language Specification.

 If this class object represents a primitive type or void, then the name returned is a String equal to the Java language keyword corresponding to the primitive type or void. 
 If this class object represents a class of arrays, then the internal form of the name consists of the name of the element type preceded by one or more '[' characters representing the depth of the array nesting. The encoding of element type names is as follows: 


 Element Type       Encoding

 boolean            Z

 byte               B

 char               C

 class or interface
                            Lclassname;

 double             D

 float              F

 int                I

 long               J

 short              S



 The class or interface name classname is the binary name of
the class specified above.

 Examples:

String.class.getName()
    returns "java.lang.String"
byte.class.getName()
    returns "byte"
(new Object[3]).getClass().getName()
    returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;"
(new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName()
    returns "[[[[[[[I"



Returns: the name of the class or interface
         represented by this object.
/**
     * Returns the  name of the entity (class, interface, array class,
     * primitive type, or void) represented by this {@code Class} object,
     * as a {@code String}.
     *
     * <p> If this class object represents a reference type that is not an
     * array type then the binary name of the class is returned, as specified
     * by
     * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
     *
     * <p> If this class object represents a primitive type or void, then the
     * name returned is a {@code String} equal to the Java language
     * keyword corresponding to the primitive type or void.
     *
     * <p> If this class object represents a class of arrays, then the internal
     * form of the name consists of the name of the element type preceded by
     * one or more '{@code [}' characters representing the depth of the array
     * nesting.  The encoding of element type names is as follows:
     *
     * <blockquote><table summary="Element types and encodings">
     * <tr><th> Element Type <th> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <th> Encoding
     * <tr><td> boolean      <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> Z
     * <tr><td> byte         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> B
     * <tr><td> char         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> C
     * <tr><td> class or interface
     *                       <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> L<i>classname</i>;
     * <tr><td> double       <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> D
     * <tr><td> float        <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> F
     * <tr><td> int          <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> I
     * <tr><td> long         <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> J
     * <tr><td> short        <td> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <td align=center> S
     * </table></blockquote>
     *
     * <p> The class or interface name <i>classname</i> is the binary name of
     * the class specified above.
     *
     * <p> Examples:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * String.class.getName()
     *     returns "java.lang.String"
     * byte.class.getName()
     *     returns "byte"
     * (new Object[3]).getClass().getName()
     *     returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;"
     * (new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName()
     *     returns "[[[[[[[I"
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @return  the name of the class or interface
     *          represented by this object.
     */
    public String getName() {
        String name = this.name;
        if (name == null)
            this.name = name = getName0();
        return name;
    }

    // cache the name to reduce the number of calls into the VM
    private transient String name;
    private native String getName0();

    
Returns the class loader for the class.  Some implementations may use
null to represent the bootstrap class loader. This method will return
null in such implementations if this class was loaded by the bootstrap
class loader.

 If a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader is not null and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the class whose class loader is requested, then this method calls the security manager's checkPermission method with a RuntimePermission("getClassLoader") permission to ensure it's ok to access the class loader for the class. 
If this object
represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.

Throws:
  • SecurityException –  if a security manager exists and its checkPermission method denies access to the class loader for the class.
See Also:
Returns: the class loader that loaded the class or interface
         represented by this object.
/**
     * Returns the class loader for the class.  Some implementations may use
     * null to represent the bootstrap class loader. This method will return
     * null in such implementations if this class was loaded by the bootstrap
     * class loader.
     *
     * <p> If a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader is
     * not null and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of
     * the class loader for the class whose class loader is requested, then
     * this method calls the security manager's {@code checkPermission}
     * method with a {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")}
     * permission to ensure it's ok to access the class loader for the class.
     *
     * <p>If this object
     * represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.
     *
     * @return  the class loader that loaded the class or interface
     *          represented by this object.
     * @throws SecurityException
     *    if a security manager exists and its
     *    {@code checkPermission} method denies
     *    access to the class loader for the class.
     * @see java.lang.ClassLoader
     * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
     * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
        ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
        if (cl == null)
            return null;
        SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (sm != null) {
            ClassLoader.checkClassLoaderPermission(cl, Reflection.getCallerClass());
        }
        return cl;
    }

    // Package-private to allow ClassLoader access
    ClassLoader getClassLoader0() { return classLoader; }

    // Initialized in JVM not by private constructor
    // This field is filtered from reflection access, i.e. getDeclaredField
    // will throw NoSuchFieldException
    private final ClassLoader classLoader;

    
Returns an array of TypeVariable objects that represent the type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this GenericDeclaration object, in declaration order. Returns an array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type variables. 
Throws:
  • GenericSignatureFormatError – if the generic
    signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
    the format specified in
    The Java™ Virtual Machine Specification
Returns:an array of TypeVariable objects that represent the type variables declared by this generic declaration
Since:1.5
/**
     * Returns an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent the
     * type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this
     * {@code GenericDeclaration} object, in declaration order.  Returns an
     * array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type
     * variables.
     *
     * @return an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent
     *     the type variables declared by this generic declaration
     * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
     *     signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
     *     the format specified in
     *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
     * @since 1.5
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
        ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
        if (info != null)
            return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])info.getTypeParameters();
        else
            return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])new TypeVariable<?>[0];
    }


    
Returns the Class representing the superclass of the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this Class. If this Class represents either the Object class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is returned. If this object represents an array class then the Class object representing the Object class is returned. 
Returns:the superclass of the class represented by this object.
/**
     * Returns the {@code Class} representing the superclass of the entity
     * (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this
     * {@code Class}.  If this {@code Class} represents either the
     * {@code Object} class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then
     * null is returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
     * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
     * returned.
     *
     * @return the superclass of the class represented by this object.
     */
    public native Class<? super T> getSuperclass();


    
Returns the Type representing the direct superclass of the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this Class. 
If the superclass is a parameterized type, the Type object returned must accurately reflect the actual type parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type representing the superclass is created if it had not been created before. See the declaration of ParameterizedType for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized types. If this Class represents either the Object class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is returned. If this object represents an array class then the Class object representing the Object class is returned. 
Throws:
Returns:the superclass of the class represented by this object
Since:1.5
/**
     * Returns the {@code Type} representing the direct superclass of
     * the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
     * this {@code Class}.
     *
     * <p>If the superclass is a parameterized type, the {@code Type}
     * object returned must accurately reflect the actual type
     * parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type
     * representing the superclass is created if it had not been
     * created before. See the declaration of {@link
     * java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType} for the
     * semantics of the creation process for parameterized types.  If
     * this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object}
     * class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is
     * returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
     * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
     * returned.
     *
     * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
     *     class signature does not conform to the format specified in
     *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
     * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the generic superclass
     *     refers to a non-existent type declaration
     * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException if the
     *     generic superclass refers to a parameterized type that cannot be
     *     instantiated  for any reason
     * @return the superclass of the class represented by this object
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public Type getGenericSuperclass() {
        ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
        if (info == null) {
            return getSuperclass();
        }

        // Historical irregularity:
        // Generic signature marks interfaces with superclass = Object
        // but this API returns null for interfaces
        if (isInterface()) {
            return null;
        }

        return info.getSuperclass();
    }

    
Gets the package for this class.  The class loader of this class is used
to find the package.  If the class was loaded by the bootstrap class
loader the set of packages loaded from CLASSPATH is searched to find the
package of the class. Null is returned if no package object was created
by the class loader of this class.

 Packages have attributes for versions and specifications only if the
information was defined in the manifests that accompany the classes, and
if the class loader created the package instance with the attributes
from the manifest.

Returns:the package of the class, or null if no package
        information is available from the archive or codebase.
/**
     * Gets the package for this class.  The class loader of this class is used
     * to find the package.  If the class was loaded by the bootstrap class
     * loader the set of packages loaded from CLASSPATH is searched to find the
     * package of the class. Null is returned if no package object was created
     * by the class loader of this class.
     *
     * <p> Packages have attributes for versions and specifications only if the
     * information was defined in the manifests that accompany the classes, and
     * if the class loader created the package instance with the attributes
     * from the manifest.
     *
     * @return the package of the class, or null if no package
     *         information is available from the archive or codebase.
     */
    public Package getPackage() {
        return Package.getPackage(this);
    }


    
Determines the interfaces implemented by the class or interface
represented by this object.

 If this object represents a class, the return value is an array containing objects representing all interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in the implements clause of the declaration of the class represented by this object. For example, given the declaration: 
 class Shimmer implements FloorWax, DessertTopping { ... } 
 suppose the value of s is an instance of Shimmer; the value of the expression: 
 s.getClass().getInterfaces()[0] 
 is the Class object that represents interface FloorWax; and the value of: 
 s.getClass().getInterfaces()[1] 
 is the Class object that represents interface DessertTopping. 
 If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects representing all interfaces extended by the interface. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in the extends clause of the declaration of the interface represented by this object. 
 If this object represents a class or interface that implements no
interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.

 If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method
returns an array of length 0.

 If this Class object represents an array type, the interfaces Cloneable and java.io.Serializable are returned in that order. 
Returns:an array of interfaces implemented by this class.
/**
     * Determines the interfaces implemented by the class or interface
     * represented by this object.
     *
     * <p> If this object represents a class, the return value is an array
     * containing objects representing all interfaces implemented by the
     * class. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to
     * the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause
     * of the declaration of the class represented by this object. For
     * example, given the declaration:
     * <blockquote>
     * {@code class Shimmer implements FloorWax, DessertTopping { ... }}
     * </blockquote>
     * suppose the value of {@code s} is an instance of
     * {@code Shimmer}; the value of the expression:
     * <blockquote>
     * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]}
     * </blockquote>
     * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
     * {@code FloorWax}; and the value of:
     * <blockquote>
     * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[1]}
     * </blockquote>
     * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
     * {@code DessertTopping}.
     *
     * <p> If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects
     * representing all interfaces extended by the interface. The order of the
     * interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface
     * names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of the
     * interface represented by this object.
     *
     * <p> If this object represents a class or interface that implements no
     * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
     *
     * <p> If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method
     * returns an array of length 0.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
     * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
     * returned in that order.
     *
     * @return an array of interfaces implemented by this class.
     */
    public Class<?>[] getInterfaces() {
        ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
        if (rd == null) {
            // no cloning required
            return getInterfaces0();
        } else {
            Class<?>[] interfaces = rd.interfaces;
            if (interfaces == null) {
                interfaces = getInterfaces0();
                rd.interfaces = interfaces;
            }
            // defensively copy before handing over to user code
            return interfaces.clone();
        }
    }

    private native Class<?>[] getInterfaces0();

    
Returns the Types representing the interfaces directly implemented by the class or interface represented by this object. 
If a superinterface is a parameterized type, the Type object returned for it must accurately reflect the actual type parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type representing each superinterface is created if it had not been created before. See the declaration of ParameterizedType for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized types. 
 If this object represents a class, the return value is an array containing objects representing all interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in the implements clause of the declaration of the class represented by this object. In the case of an array class, the interfaces Cloneable and Serializable are returned in that order. 
If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in the extends clause of the declaration of the interface represented by this object. 
If this object represents a class or interface that
implements no interfaces, the method returns an array of length
0.

If this object represents a primitive type or void, the
method returns an array of length 0.

Throws:
Returns:an array of interfaces implemented by this class
Since:1.5
/**
     * Returns the {@code Type}s representing the interfaces
     * directly implemented by the class or interface represented by
     * this object.
     *
     * <p>If a superinterface is a parameterized type, the
     * {@code Type} object returned for it must accurately reflect
     * the actual type parameters used in the source code. The
     * parameterized type representing each superinterface is created
     * if it had not been created before. See the declaration of
     * {@link java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType}
     * for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized
     * types.
     *
     * <p> If this object represents a class, the return value is an
     * array containing objects representing all interfaces
     * implemented by the class. The order of the interface objects in
     * the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in
     * the {@code implements} clause of the declaration of the class
     * represented by this object.  In the case of an array class, the
     * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code Serializable} are
     * returned in that order.
     *
     * <p>If this object represents an interface, the array contains
     * objects representing all interfaces directly extended by the
     * interface.  The order of the interface objects in the array
     * corresponds to the order of the interface names in the
     * {@code extends} clause of the declaration of the interface
     * represented by this object.
     *
     * <p>If this object represents a class or interface that
     * implements no interfaces, the method returns an array of length
     * 0.
     *
     * <p>If this object represents a primitive type or void, the
     * method returns an array of length 0.
     *
     * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError
     *     if the generic class signature does not conform to the format
     *     specified in
     *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
     * @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the generic
     *     superinterfaces refers to a non-existent type declaration
     * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException
     *     if any of the generic superinterfaces refer to a parameterized
     *     type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
     * @return an array of interfaces implemented by this class
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public Type[] getGenericInterfaces() {
        ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
        return (info == null) ?  getInterfaces() : info.getSuperInterfaces();
    }


    
Returns the Class representing the component type of an array. If this class does not represent an array class this method returns null. 
See Also:
Returns:the Class representing the component type of this class if this class is an array
Since:JDK1.1
/**
     * Returns the {@code Class} representing the component type of an
     * array.  If this class does not represent an array class this method
     * returns null.
     *
     * @return the {@code Class} representing the component type of this
     * class if this class is an array
     * @see     java.lang.reflect.Array
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public native Class<?> getComponentType();


    
Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded in an integer. The modifiers consist of the Java Virtual Machine's constants for public, protected, private, final, static, abstract and interface; they should be decoded using the methods of class Modifier. 
 If the underlying class is an array class, then its public, private and protected modifiers are the same as those of its component type. If this Class represents a primitive type or void, its public modifier is always true, and its protected and private modifiers are always false. If this object represents an array class, a primitive type or void, then its final modifier is always true and its interface modifier is always false. The values of its other modifiers are not determined by this specification. 
 The modifier encodings are defined in The Java Virtual Machine
Specification, table 4.1.

See Also:
Returns:the int representing the modifiers for this class
Since:JDK1.1
/**
     * Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded
     * in an integer. The modifiers consist of the Java Virtual Machine's
     * constants for {@code public}, {@code protected},
     * {@code private}, {@code final}, {@code static},
     * {@code abstract} and {@code interface}; they should be decoded
     * using the methods of class {@code Modifier}.
     *
     * <p> If the underlying class is an array class, then its
     * {@code public}, {@code private} and {@code protected}
     * modifiers are the same as those of its component type.  If this
     * {@code Class} represents a primitive type or void, its
     * {@code public} modifier is always {@code true}, and its
     * {@code protected} and {@code private} modifiers are always
     * {@code false}. If this object represents an array class, a
     * primitive type or void, then its {@code final} modifier is always
     * {@code true} and its interface modifier is always
     * {@code false}. The values of its other modifiers are not determined
     * by this specification.
     *
     * <p> The modifier encodings are defined in <em>The Java Virtual Machine
     * Specification</em>, table 4.1.
     *
     * @return the {@code int} representing the modifiers for this class
     * @see     java.lang.reflect.Modifier
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public native int getModifiers();


    
Gets the signers of this class.

Returns: the signers of this class, or null if there are no signers.  In
         particular, this method returns null if this object represents
         a primitive type or void.
Since:  JDK1.1
/**
     * Gets the signers of this class.
     *
     * @return  the signers of this class, or null if there are no signers.  In
     *          particular, this method returns null if this object represents
     *          a primitive type or void.
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    public native Object[] getSigners();


    
Set the signers of this class.

/**
     * Set the signers of this class.
     */
    native void setSigners(Object[] signers);


    
If this Class object represents a local or anonymous class within a method, returns a Method object representing the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. Returns null otherwise. In particular, this method returns null if the underlying class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type declaration, instance initializer or static initializer. 
Throws:
  • SecurityException – 
        If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
        following conditions is met:
        
      
        
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as the class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of 
        s.checkPermission method with RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers") denies access to the methods within the enclosing class 
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and invocation of 
        s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of the enclosing class 
Returns:the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class, if that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise null.
Since:1.5
/**
     * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
     * class within a method, returns a {@link
     * java.lang.reflect.Method Method} object representing the
     * immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. Returns
     * {@code null} otherwise.
     *
     * In particular, this method returns {@code null} if the underlying
     * class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type
     * declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
     *
     * @return the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class, if
     *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
     *
     * @throws SecurityException
     *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *         following conditions is met:
     *
     *         <ul>
     *
     *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
     *         class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
     *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
     *         s.checkPermission} method with
     *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
     *         denies access to the methods within the enclosing class
     *
     *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *         ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
     *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *         of the enclosing class
     *
     *         </ul>
     * @since 1.5
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Method getEnclosingMethod() throws SecurityException {
        EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();

        if (enclosingInfo == null)
            return null;
        else {
            if (!enclosingInfo.isMethod())
                return null;

            MethodRepository typeInfo = MethodRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
                                                              getFactory());
            Class<?>   returnType       = toClass(typeInfo.getReturnType());
            Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
            Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];

            // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
            // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
            // don't have generics information
            for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
                parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);

            // Perform access check
            Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
            enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED,
                                                 Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
            /*
             * Loop over all declared methods; match method name,
             * number of and type of parameters, *and* return
             * type.  Matching return type is also necessary
             * because of covariant returns, etc.
             */
            for(Method m: enclosingCandidate.getDeclaredMethods()) {
                if (m.getName().equals(enclosingInfo.getName()) ) {
                    Class<?>[] candidateParamClasses = m.getParameterTypes();
                    if (candidateParamClasses.length == parameterClasses.length) {
                        boolean matches = true;
                        for(int i = 0; i < candidateParamClasses.length; i++) {
                            if (!candidateParamClasses[i].equals(parameterClasses[i])) {
                                matches = false;
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        if (matches) { // finally, check return type
                            if (m.getReturnType().equals(returnType) )
                                return m;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            throw new InternalError("Enclosing method not found");
        }
    }

    private native Object[] getEnclosingMethod0();

    private EnclosingMethodInfo getEnclosingMethodInfo() {
        Object[] enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethod0();
        if (enclosingInfo == null)
            return null;
        else {
            return new EnclosingMethodInfo(enclosingInfo);
        }
    }

    private final static class EnclosingMethodInfo {
        private Class<?> enclosingClass;
        private String name;
        private String descriptor;

        private EnclosingMethodInfo(Object[] enclosingInfo) {
            if (enclosingInfo.length != 3)
                throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
            try {
                // The array is expected to have three elements:

                // the immediately enclosing class
                enclosingClass = (Class<?>) enclosingInfo[0];
                assert(enclosingClass != null);

                // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
                // name (can be null).
                name            = (String)   enclosingInfo[1];

                // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
                // descriptor (null iff name is).
                descriptor      = (String)   enclosingInfo[2];
                assert((name != null && descriptor != null) || name == descriptor);
            } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
                throw new InternalError("Invalid type in enclosing method information", cce);
            }
        }

        boolean isPartial() {
            return enclosingClass == null || name == null || descriptor == null;
        }

        boolean isConstructor() { return !isPartial() && "<init>".equals(name); }

        boolean isMethod() { return !isPartial() && !isConstructor() && !"<clinit>".equals(name); }

        Class<?> getEnclosingClass() { return enclosingClass; }

        String getName() { return name; }

        String getDescriptor() { return descriptor; }

    }

    private static Class<?> toClass(Type o) {
        if (o instanceof GenericArrayType)
            return Array.newInstance(toClass(((GenericArrayType)o).getGenericComponentType()),
                                     0)
                .getClass();
        return (Class<?>)o;
     }

    
If this Class object represents a local or anonymous class within a constructor, returns a Constructor object representing the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class. Returns null otherwise. In particular, this method returns null if the underlying class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type declaration, instance initializer or static initializer. 
Throws:
  • SecurityException – 
        If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
        following conditions is met:
        
      
        
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as the class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of 
        s.checkPermission method with RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers") denies access to the constructors within the enclosing class 
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and invocation of 
        s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of the enclosing class 
Returns:the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class, if that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise null.
Since:1.5
/**
     * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
     * class within a constructor, returns a {@link
     * java.lang.reflect.Constructor Constructor} object representing
     * the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying
     * class. Returns {@code null} otherwise.  In particular, this
     * method returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a local
     * or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type declaration,
     * instance initializer or static initializer.
     *
     * @return the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class, if
     *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
     * @throws SecurityException
     *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *         following conditions is met:
     *
     *         <ul>
     *
     *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
     *         class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
     *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
     *         s.checkPermission} method with
     *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
     *         denies access to the constructors within the enclosing class
     *
     *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *         ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
     *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *         of the enclosing class
     *
     *         </ul>
     * @since 1.5
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructor() throws SecurityException {
        EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();

        if (enclosingInfo == null)
            return null;
        else {
            if (!enclosingInfo.isConstructor())
                return null;

            ConstructorRepository typeInfo = ConstructorRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
                                                                        getFactory());
            Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
            Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];

            // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
            // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
            // don't have generics information
            for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
                parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);

            // Perform access check
            Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
            enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED,
                                                 Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
            /*
             * Loop over all declared constructors; match number
             * of and type of parameters.
             */
            for(Constructor<?> c: enclosingCandidate.getDeclaredConstructors()) {
                Class<?>[] candidateParamClasses = c.getParameterTypes();
                if (candidateParamClasses.length == parameterClasses.length) {
                    boolean matches = true;
                    for(int i = 0; i < candidateParamClasses.length; i++) {
                        if (!candidateParamClasses[i].equals(parameterClasses[i])) {
                            matches = false;
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    if (matches)
                        return c;
                }
            }

            throw new InternalError("Enclosing constructor not found");
        }
    }


    
If the class or interface represented by this Class object is a member of another class, returns the Class object representing the class in which it was declared. This method returns null if this class or interface is not a member of any other class. If this Class object represents an array class, a primitive type, or void,then this method returns null. 
Throws:
  • SecurityException – 
        If a security manager, s, is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the declaring class and invocation of s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of the declaring class
Returns:the declaring class for this class
Since:JDK1.1
/**
     * If the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object
     * is a member of another class, returns the {@code Class} object
     * representing the class in which it was declared.  This method returns
     * null if this class or interface is not a member of any other class.  If
     * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, a primitive
     * type, or void,then this method returns null.
     *
     * @return the declaring class for this class
     * @throws SecurityException
     *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
     *         class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
     *         loader for the declaring class and invocation of {@link
     *         SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
     *         denies access to the package of the declaring class
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() throws SecurityException {
        final Class<?> candidate = getDeclaringClass0();

        if (candidate != null)
            candidate.checkPackageAccess(
                    ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
        return candidate;
    }

    private native Class<?> getDeclaringClass0();


    
Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class. If the underlying class is a top level class this method returns null. 
Throws:
  • SecurityException – 
            If a security manager, s, is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and invocation of s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of the enclosing class
Returns:the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class
Since:1.5
/**
     * Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying
     * class.  If the underlying class is a top level class this
     * method returns {@code null}.
     * @return the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class
     * @exception  SecurityException
     *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
     *             class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
     *             loader for the enclosing class and invocation of {@link
     *             SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
     *             denies access to the package of the enclosing class
     * @since 1.5
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Class<?> getEnclosingClass() throws SecurityException {
        // There are five kinds of classes (or interfaces):
        // a) Top level classes
        // b) Nested classes (static member classes)
        // c) Inner classes (non-static member classes)
        // d) Local classes (named classes declared within a method)
        // e) Anonymous classes


        // JVM Spec 4.8.6: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
        // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
        // anonymous class.
        EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
        Class<?> enclosingCandidate;

        if (enclosingInfo == null) {
            // This is a top level or a nested class or an inner class (a, b, or c)
            enclosingCandidate = getDeclaringClass();
        } else {
            Class<?> enclosingClass = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
            // This is a local class or an anonymous class (d or e)
            if (enclosingClass == this || enclosingClass == null)
                throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
            else
                enclosingCandidate = enclosingClass;
        }

        if (enclosingCandidate != null)
            enclosingCandidate.checkPackageAccess(
                    ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
        return enclosingCandidate;
    }

    
Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the
source code. Returns an empty string if the underlying class is
anonymous.

The simple name of an array is the simple name of the
component type with "[]" appended.  In particular the simple
name of an array whose component type is anonymous is "[]".

Returns:the simple name of the underlying class
Since:1.5
/**
     * Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the
     * source code. Returns an empty string if the underlying class is
     * anonymous.
     *
     * <p>The simple name of an array is the simple name of the
     * component type with "[]" appended.  In particular the simple
     * name of an array whose component type is anonymous is "[]".
     *
     * @return the simple name of the underlying class
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public String getSimpleName() {
        if (isArray())
            return getComponentType().getSimpleName()+"[]";

        String simpleName = getSimpleBinaryName();
        if (simpleName == null) { // top level class
            simpleName = getName();
            return simpleName.substring(simpleName.lastIndexOf(".")+1); // strip the package name
        }
        // According to JLS3 "Binary Compatibility" (13.1) the binary
        // name of non-package classes (not top level) is the binary
        // name of the immediately enclosing class followed by a '$' followed by:
        // (for nested and inner classes): the simple name.
        // (for local classes): 1 or more digits followed by the simple name.
        // (for anonymous classes): 1 or more digits.

        // Since getSimpleBinaryName() will strip the binary name of
        // the immediatly enclosing class, we are now looking at a
        // string that matches the regular expression "\$[0-9]*"
        // followed by a simple name (considering the simple of an
        // anonymous class to be the empty string).

        // Remove leading "\$[0-9]*" from the name
        int length = simpleName.length();
        if (length < 1 || simpleName.charAt(0) != '$')
            throw new InternalError("Malformed class name");
        int index = 1;
        while (index < length && isAsciiDigit(simpleName.charAt(index)))
            index++;
        // Eventually, this is the empty string iff this is an anonymous class
        return simpleName.substring(index);
    }

    
Return an informative string for the name of this type.

Returns:an informative string for the name of this type
Since:1.8
/**
     * Return an informative string for the name of this type.
     *
     * @return an informative string for the name of this type
     * @since 1.8
     */
    public String getTypeName() {
        if (isArray()) {
            try {
                Class<?> cl = this;
                int dimensions = 0;
                while (cl.isArray()) {
                    dimensions++;
                    cl = cl.getComponentType();
                }
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                sb.append(cl.getName());
                for (int i = 0; i < dimensions; i++) {
                    sb.append("[]");
                }
                return sb.toString();
            } catch (Throwable e) { /*FALLTHRU*/ }
        }
        return getName();
    }

    
Character.isDigit answers true to some non-ascii digits. This one does not. 
/**
     * Character.isDigit answers {@code true} to some non-ascii
     * digits.  This one does not.
     */
    private static boolean isAsciiDigit(char c) {
        return '0' <= c && c <= '9';
    }

    
Returns the canonical name of the underlying class as
defined by the Java Language Specification.  Returns null if
the underlying class does not have a canonical name (i.e., if
it is a local or anonymous class or an array whose component
type does not have a canonical name).

Returns:the canonical name of the underlying class if it exists, and null otherwise.
Since:1.5
/**
     * Returns the canonical name of the underlying class as
     * defined by the Java Language Specification.  Returns null if
     * the underlying class does not have a canonical name (i.e., if
     * it is a local or anonymous class or an array whose component
     * type does not have a canonical name).
     * @return the canonical name of the underlying class if it exists, and
     * {@code null} otherwise.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public String getCanonicalName() {
        if (isArray()) {
            String canonicalName = getComponentType().getCanonicalName();
            if (canonicalName != null)
                return canonicalName + "[]";
            else
                return null;
        }
        if (isLocalOrAnonymousClass())
            return null;
        Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
        if (enclosingClass == null) { // top level class
            return getName();
        } else {
            String enclosingName = enclosingClass.getCanonicalName();
            if (enclosingName == null)
                return null;
            return enclosingName + "." + getSimpleName();
        }
    }

    
Returns true if and only if the underlying class is an anonymous class. 
Returns:true if and only if this class is an anonymous class.
Since:1.5
/**
     * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
     * is an anonymous class.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is an anonymous class.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean isAnonymousClass() {
        return "".equals(getSimpleName());
    }

    
Returns true if and only if the underlying class is a local class. 
Returns:true if and only if this class is a local class.
Since:1.5
/**
     * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
     * is a local class.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a local class.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean isLocalClass() {
        return isLocalOrAnonymousClass() && !isAnonymousClass();
    }

    
Returns true if and only if the underlying class is a member class. 
Returns:true if and only if this class is a member class.
Since:1.5
/**
     * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
     * is a member class.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a member class.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean isMemberClass() {
        return getSimpleBinaryName() != null && !isLocalOrAnonymousClass();
    }

    
Returns the "simple binary name" of the underlying class, i.e., the binary name without the leading enclosing class name. Returns null if the underlying class is a top level class. 
/**
     * Returns the "simple binary name" of the underlying class, i.e.,
     * the binary name without the leading enclosing class name.
     * Returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a top level
     * class.
     */
    private String getSimpleBinaryName() {
        Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
        if (enclosingClass == null) // top level class
            return null;
        // Otherwise, strip the enclosing class' name
        try {
            return getName().substring(enclosingClass.getName().length());
        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
            throw new InternalError("Malformed class name", ex);
        }
    }

    
Returns true if this is a local class or an anonymous class. Returns false otherwise. 
/**
     * Returns {@code true} if this is a local class or an anonymous
     * class.  Returns {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    private boolean isLocalOrAnonymousClass() {
        // JVM Spec 4.8.6: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
        // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
        // anonymous class.
        return getEnclosingMethodInfo() != null;
    }

    
Returns an array containing Class objects representing all the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class represented by this Class object. This includes public class and interface members inherited from superclasses and public class and interface members declared by the class. This method returns an array of length 0 if this Class object has no public member classes or interfaces. This method also returns an array of length 0 if this Class object represents a primitive type, an array class, or void. 
Throws:
  • SecurityException – 
        If a security manager, s, is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of 
        s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of this class.
Returns:the array of Class objects representing the public members of this class
Since:JDK1.1
/**
     * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing all
     * the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class
     * represented by this {@code Class} object.  This includes public
     * class and interface members inherited from superclasses and public class
     * and interface members declared by the class.  This method returns an
     * array of length 0 if this {@code Class} object has no public member
     * classes or interfaces.  This method also returns an array of length 0 if
     * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array
     * class, or void.
     *
     * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing the public
     *         members of this class
     * @throws SecurityException
     *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
     *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *         of this class.
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Class<?>[] getClasses() {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);

        // Privileged so this implementation can look at DECLARED classes,
        // something the caller might not have privilege to do.  The code here
        // is allowed to look at DECLARED classes because (1) it does not hand
        // out anything other than public members and (2) public member access
        // has already been ok'd by the SecurityManager.

        return java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
            new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Class<?>[]>() {
                public Class<?>[] run() {
                    List<Class<?>> list = new ArrayList<>();
                    Class<?> currentClass = Class.this;
                    while (currentClass != null) {
                        Class<?>[] members = currentClass.getDeclaredClasses();
                        for (int i = 0; i < members.length; i++) {
                            if (Modifier.isPublic(members[i].getModifiers())) {
                                list.add(members[i]);
                            }
                        }
                        currentClass = currentClass.getSuperclass();
                    }
                    return list.toArray(new Class<?>[0]);
                }
            });
    }


    
Returns an array containing Field objects reflecting all the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by this Class object. 
 If this Class object represents a class or interface with no no accessible public fields, then this method returns an array of length 0. 
 If this Class object represents a class, then this method returns the public fields of the class and of all its superclasses. 
 If this Class object represents an interface, then this method returns the fields of the interface and of all its superinterfaces. 
 If this Class object represents an array type, a primitive type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0. 
 The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
particular order.

Throws:
  • SecurityException – 
        If a security manager, s, is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of 
        s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of this class.
Returns:the array of Field objects representing the public fields
Since:JDK1.1
@jls8.2 Class Members
@jls8.3 Field Declarations
/**
     * Returns an array containing {@code Field} objects reflecting all
     * the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by
     * this {@code Class} object.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
     * no accessible public fields, then this method returns an array of length
     * 0.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, then this method
     * returns the public fields of the class and of all its superclasses.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, then this
     * method returns the fields of the interface and of all its
     * superinterfaces.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
     * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
     *
     * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
     * particular order.
     *
     * @return the array of {@code Field} objects representing the
     *         public fields
     * @throws SecurityException
     *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
     *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *         of this class.
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     * @jls 8.2 Class Members
     * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
        return copyFields(privateGetPublicFields(null));
    }


    
Returns an array containing Method objects reflecting all the public methods of the class or interface represented by this 
Class object, including those declared by the class or interface and those inherited from superclasses and superinterfaces. 
 If this Class object represents a type that has multiple public methods with the same name and parameter types, but different return types, then the returned array has a Method object for each such method. 
 If this Class object represents a type with a class initialization method <clinit>, then the returned array does not have a corresponding Method object. 
 If this Class object represents an array type, then the returned array has a Method object for each of the public methods inherited by the array type from Object. It does not contain a Method object for clone(). 
 If this Class object represents an interface then the returned array does not contain any implicitly declared methods from Object. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in this interface or any of its superinterfaces then the returned array has length 0. (Note that a Class object which represents a class always has public methods, inherited from Object.) 
 If this Class object represents a primitive type or void, then the returned array has length 0. 
 Static methods declared in superinterfaces of the class or interface represented by this Class object are not considered members of the class or interface. 
 The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
particular order.

Throws:
  • SecurityException – 
        If a security manager, s, is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of 
        s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of this class.
Returns:the array of Method objects representing the public methods of this class
@jls8.2 Class Members
@jls8.4 Method Declarations
Since:JDK1.1
/**
     * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
     * public methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
     * Class} object, including those declared by the class or interface and
     * those inherited from superclasses and superinterfaces.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has multiple
     * public methods with the same name and parameter types, but different
     * return types, then the returned array has a {@code Method} object for
     * each such method.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type with a class
     * initialization method {@code <clinit>}, then the returned array does
     * <em>not</em> have a corresponding {@code Method} object.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then the
     * returned array has a {@code Method} object for each of the public
     * methods inherited by the array type from {@code Object}. It does not
     * contain a {@code Method} object for {@code clone()}.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface then the
     * returned array does not contain any implicitly declared methods from
     * {@code Object}. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in
     * this interface or any of its superinterfaces then the returned array
     * has length 0. (Note that a {@code Class} object which represents a class
     * always has public methods, inherited from {@code Object}.)
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or void,
     * then the returned array has length 0.
     *
     * <p> Static methods declared in superinterfaces of the class or interface
     * represented by this {@code Class} object are not considered members of
     * the class or interface.
     *
     * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
     * particular order.
     *
     * @return the array of {@code Method} objects representing the
     *         public methods of this class
     * @throws SecurityException
     *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
     *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *         of this class.
     *
     * @jls 8.2 Class Members
     * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
        return copyMethods(privateGetPublicMethods());
    }


    
Returns an array containing Constructor objects reflecting all the public constructors of the class represented by this Class object. An array of length 0 is returned if the class has no public constructors, or if the class is an array class, or if the class reflects a primitive type or void. Note that while this method returns an array of 
Constructor<T> objects (that is an array of constructors from this class), the return type of this method is 
Constructor<?>[] and not Constructor<T>[] as might be expected. This less informative return type is necessary since after being returned from this method, the array could be modified to hold Constructor objects for different classes, which would violate the type guarantees of Constructor<T>[]. 
Throws:
  • SecurityException – 
        If a security manager, s, is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of 
        s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of this class.
Returns:the array of Constructor objects representing the public constructors of this class
Since:JDK1.1
/**
     * Returns an array containing {@code Constructor} objects reflecting
     * all the public constructors of the class represented by this
     * {@code Class} object.  An array of length 0 is returned if the
     * class has no public constructors, or if the class is an array class, or
     * if the class reflects a primitive type or void.
     *
     * Note that while this method returns an array of {@code
     * Constructor<T>} objects (that is an array of constructors from
     * this class), the return type of this method is {@code
     * Constructor<?>[]} and <em>not</em> {@code Constructor<T>[]} as
     * might be expected.  This less informative return type is
     * necessary since after being returned from this method, the
     * array could be modified to hold {@code Constructor} objects for
     * different classes, which would violate the type guarantees of
     * {@code Constructor<T>[]}.
     *
     * @return the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing the
     *         public constructors of this class
     * @throws SecurityException
     *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
     *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *         of this class.
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Constructor<?>[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
        return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(true));
    }


    
Returns a Field object that reflects the specified public member field of the class or interface represented by this Class object. The name parameter is a String specifying the simple name of the desired field. 
 The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that
follows.  Let C be the class or interface represented by this object:

    

  1.  If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the
     field to be reflected.
    2. 

  2.  If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied
     recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct
     superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.
    3. 

  3.  If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S. If C has no superclass, then a NoSuchFieldException is thrown.
    4. 



 If this Class object represents an array type, then this method does not find the length field of the array type. 
Params:
  • name – the field name
Throws:
Returns:the Field object of this class specified by name
Since:JDK1.1
@jls8.2 Class Members
@jls8.3 Field Declarations
/**
     * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified public member
     * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
     * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} specifying the
     * simple name of the desired field.
     *
     * <p> The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that
     * follows.  Let C be the class or interface represented by this object:
     *
     * <OL>
     * <LI> If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the
     *      field to be reflected.</LI>
     * <LI> If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied
     *      recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct
     *      superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.</LI>
     * <LI> If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a
     *      superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S.
     *      If C has no superclass, then a {@code NoSuchFieldException}
     *      is thrown.</LI>
     * </OL>
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
     * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
     *
     * @param name the field name
     * @return the {@code Field} object of this class specified by
     *         {@code name}
     * @throws NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
     *         not found.
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
     * @throws SecurityException
     *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
     *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *         of this class.
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     * @jls 8.2 Class Members
     * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Field getField(String name)
        throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
        Field field = getField0(name);
        if (field == null) {
            throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
        }
        return field;
    }


    
Returns a Method object that reflects the specified public member method of the class or interface represented by this Class object. The name parameter is a String specifying the simple name of the desired method. The parameterTypes parameter is an array of Class objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared order. If parameterTypes is null, it is treated as if it were an empty array. 
 If the name is "<init>" or "<clinit>" a NoSuchMethodException is raised. Otherwise, the method to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that follows. Let C be the class or interface represented by this object: 
    

  1.  C is searched for a matching method, as defined below. If a
     matching method is found, it is reflected.
    2. 

  2.  If no matching method is found by step 1 then:
  
      
  
    1.  If C is a class other than Object, then this algorithm is invoked recursively on the superclass of C.
      2. 
  
    2.  If C is the class Object, or if C is an interface, then the superinterfaces of C (if any) are searched for a matching method. If any such method is found, it is reflected.
      3. 
  
    3. 



 To find a matching method in a class or interface C:  If C
declares exactly one public method with the specified name and exactly
the same formal parameter types, that is the method reflected. If more
than one such method is found in C, and one of these methods has a
return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
reflected; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.

Note that there may be more than one matching method in a class because while the Java language forbids a class to declare multiple methods with the same signature but different return types, the Java virtual machine does not. This increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to implement various language features. For example, covariant returns can be implemented with bridge methods; the bridge method and the method being overridden would have the same signature but different return types. 
 If this Class object represents an array type, then this method does not find the clone() method. 
 Static methods declared in superinterfaces of the class or interface represented by this Class object are not considered members of the class or interface. 
Params:
  • name – the name of the method
  • parameterTypes – the list of parameters
Throws:
Returns:the Method object that matches the specified name and parameterTypes
@jls8.2 Class Members
@jls8.4 Method Declarations
Since:JDK1.1
/**
     * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified public
     * member method of the class or interface represented by this
     * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
     * {@code String} specifying the simple name of the desired method. The
     * {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of {@code Class}
     * objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared
     * order. If {@code parameterTypes} is {@code null}, it is
     * treated as if it were an empty array.
     *
     * <p> If the {@code name} is "{@code <init>}" or "{@code <clinit>}" a
     * {@code NoSuchMethodException} is raised. Otherwise, the method to
     * be reflected is determined by the algorithm that follows.  Let C be the
     * class or interface represented by this object:
     * <OL>
     * <LI> C is searched for a <I>matching method</I>, as defined below. If a
     *      matching method is found, it is reflected.</LI>
     * <LI> If no matching method is found by step 1 then:
     *   <OL TYPE="a">
     *   <LI> If C is a class other than {@code Object}, then this algorithm is
     *        invoked recursively on the superclass of C.</LI>
     *   <LI> If C is the class {@code Object}, or if C is an interface, then
     *        the superinterfaces of C (if any) are searched for a matching
     *        method. If any such method is found, it is reflected.</LI>
     *   </OL></LI>
     * </OL>
     *
     * <p> To find a matching method in a class or interface C:&nbsp; If C
     * declares exactly one public method with the specified name and exactly
     * the same formal parameter types, that is the method reflected. If more
     * than one such method is found in C, and one of these methods has a
     * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
     * reflected; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.
     *
     * <p>Note that there may be more than one matching method in a
     * class because while the Java language forbids a class to
     * declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
     * return types, the Java virtual machine does not.  This
     * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
     * implement various language features.  For example, covariant
     * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
     * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
     * method and the method being overridden would have the same
     * signature but different return types.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
     * method does not find the {@code clone()} method.
     *
     * <p> Static methods declared in superinterfaces of the class or interface
     * represented by this {@code Class} object are not considered members of
     * the class or interface.
     *
     * @param name the name of the method
     * @param parameterTypes the list of parameters
     * @return the {@code Method} object that matches the specified
     *         {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}
     * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found
     *         or if the name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;".
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
     * @throws SecurityException
     *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
     *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *         of this class.
     *
     * @jls 8.2 Class Members
     * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
        throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
        Method method = getMethod0(name, parameterTypes, true);
        if (method == null) {
            throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
        }
        return method;
    }


    
Returns a Constructor object that reflects the specified public constructor of the class represented by this Class object. The parameterTypes parameter is an array of Class objects that identify the constructor's formal parameter types, in declared order. If this Class object represents an inner class declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter. 
 The constructor to reflect is the public constructor of the class represented by this Class object whose formal parameter types match those specified by parameterTypes. 
Params:
  • parameterTypes – the parameter array
Throws:
  • NoSuchMethodException – if a matching method is not found.
  • SecurityException – 
        If a security manager, s, is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of 
        s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of this class.
Returns:the Constructor object of the public constructor that matches the specified parameterTypes
Since:JDK1.1
/**
     * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
     * public constructor of the class represented by this {@code Class}
     * object. The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
     * {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's formal
     * parameter types, in declared order.
     *
     * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
     * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
     * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
     *
     * <p> The constructor to reflect is the public constructor of the class
     * represented by this {@code Class} object whose formal parameter
     * types match those specified by {@code parameterTypes}.
     *
     * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
     * @return the {@code Constructor} object of the public constructor that
     *         matches the specified {@code parameterTypes}
     * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
     * @throws SecurityException
     *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
     *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *         of this class.
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
        throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
        return getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.PUBLIC);
    }


    
Returns an array of Class objects reflecting all the classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by this Class object. This includes public, protected, default (package) access, and private classes and interfaces declared by the class, but excludes inherited classes and interfaces. This method returns an array of length 0 if the class declares no classes or interfaces as members, or if this Class object represents a primitive type, an array class, or void. 
Throws:
  • SecurityException – 
        If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
        following conditions is met:
        
      
        
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as the class loader of this class and invocation of 
        s.checkPermission method with RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers") denies access to the declared classes within this class 
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of 
        s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of this class 
Returns:the array of Class objects representing all the declared members of this class
Since:JDK1.1
/**
     * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects reflecting all the
     * classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by
     * this {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
     * (package) access, and private classes and interfaces declared by the
     * class, but excludes inherited classes and interfaces.  This method
     * returns an array of length 0 if the class declares no classes or
     * interfaces as members, or if this {@code Class} object represents a
     * primitive type, an array class, or void.
     *
     * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing all the
     *         declared members of this class
     * @throws SecurityException
     *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *         following conditions is met:
     *
     *         <ul>
     *
     *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
     *         class loader of this class and invocation of
     *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
     *         s.checkPermission} method with
     *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
     *         denies access to the declared classes within this class
     *
     *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *         of this class
     *
     *         </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Class<?>[] getDeclaredClasses() throws SecurityException {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
        return getDeclaredClasses0();
    }


    
Returns an array of Field objects reflecting all the fields declared by the class or interface represented by this Class object. This includes public, protected, default (package) access, and private fields, but excludes inherited fields. 
 If this Class object represents a class or interface with no declared fields, then this method returns an array of length 0. 
 If this Class object represents an array type, a primitive type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0. 
 The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
particular order.

Throws:
  • SecurityException – 
         If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
         following conditions is met:
         
      
         
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as the class loader of this class and invocation of 
         s.checkPermission method with RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers") denies access to the declared fields within this class 
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of 
         s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of this class 
Returns: the array of Field objects representing all the declared fields of this class
Since:JDK1.1
@jls8.2 Class Members
@jls8.3 Field Declarations
/**
     * Returns an array of {@code Field} objects reflecting all the fields
     * declared by the class or interface represented by this
     * {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
     * (package) access, and private fields, but excludes inherited fields.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
     * declared fields, then this method returns an array of length 0.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
     * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
     *
     * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
     * particular order.
     *
     * @return  the array of {@code Field} objects representing all the
     *          declared fields of this class
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *          following conditions is met:
     *
     *          <ul>
     *
     *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
     *          class loader of this class and invocation of
     *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
     *          s.checkPermission} method with
     *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
     *          denies access to the declared fields within this class
     *
     *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *          of this class
     *
     *          </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     * @jls 8.2 Class Members
     * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Field[] getDeclaredFields() throws SecurityException {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
        return copyFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false));
    }


    
Returns an array containing Method objects reflecting all the declared methods of the class or interface represented by this 
Class object, including public, protected, default (package) access, and private methods, but excluding inherited methods. 
 If this Class object represents a type that has multiple declared methods with the same name and parameter types, but different return types, then the returned array has a Method object for each such method. 
 If this Class object represents a type that has a class initialization method <clinit>, then the returned array does not have a corresponding Method object. 
 If this Class object represents a class or interface with no declared methods, then the returned array has length 0. 
 If this Class object represents an array type, a primitive type, or void, then the returned array has length 0. 
 The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
particular order.

Throws:
  • SecurityException – 
         If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
         following conditions is met:
         
      
         
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as the class loader of this class and invocation of 
         s.checkPermission method with RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers") denies access to the declared methods within this class 
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of 
         s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of this class 
Returns: the array of Method objects representing all the declared methods of this class
@jls8.2 Class Members
@jls8.4 Method Declarations
Since:JDK1.1
/**
     *
     * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
     * declared methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
     * Class} object, including public, protected, default (package)
     * access, and private methods, but excluding inherited methods.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has multiple
     * declared methods with the same name and parameter types, but different
     * return types, then the returned array has a {@code Method} object for
     * each such method.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has a class
     * initialization method {@code <clinit>}, then the returned array does
     * <em>not</em> have a corresponding {@code Method} object.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
     * declared methods, then the returned array has length 0.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
     * type, or void, then the returned array has length 0.
     *
     * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
     * particular order.
     *
     * @return  the array of {@code Method} objects representing all the
     *          declared methods of this class
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *          following conditions is met:
     *
     *          <ul>
     *
     *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
     *          class loader of this class and invocation of
     *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
     *          s.checkPermission} method with
     *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
     *          denies access to the declared methods within this class
     *
     *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *          of this class
     *
     *          </ul>
     *
     * @jls 8.2 Class Members
     * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
        return copyMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false));
    }


    
Returns an array of Constructor objects reflecting all the constructors declared by the class represented by this Class object. These are public, protected, default (package) access, and private constructors. The elements in the array returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order. If the class has a default constructor, it is included in the returned array. This method returns an array of length 0 if this Class object represents an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or void. 
 See The Java Language Specification, section 8.2.

Throws:
  • SecurityException – 
         If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
         following conditions is met:
         
      
         
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as the class loader of this class and invocation of 
         s.checkPermission method with RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers") denies access to the declared constructors within this class 
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of 
         s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of this class 
Returns: the array of Constructor objects representing all the declared constructors of this class
Since:JDK1.1
/**
     * Returns an array of {@code Constructor} objects reflecting all the
     * constructors declared by the class represented by this
     * {@code Class} object. These are public, protected, default
     * (package) access, and private constructors.  The elements in the array
     * returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order.  If the
     * class has a default constructor, it is included in the returned array.
     * This method returns an array of length 0 if this {@code Class}
     * object represents an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or
     * void.
     *
     * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, section 8.2.
     *
     * @return  the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing all the
     *          declared constructors of this class
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *          following conditions is met:
     *
     *          <ul>
     *
     *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
     *          class loader of this class and invocation of
     *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
     *          s.checkPermission} method with
     *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
     *          denies access to the declared constructors within this class
     *
     *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *          of this class
     *
     *          </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
        return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false));
    }


    
Returns a Field object that reflects the specified declared field of the class or interface represented by this Class object. The name parameter is a String that specifies the simple name of the desired field. 
 If this Class object represents an array type, then this method does not find the length field of the array type. 
Params:
  • name – the name of the field
Throws:
  • NoSuchFieldException – if a field with the specified name is
         not found.
  • NullPointerException – if name is null
  • SecurityException – 
         If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
         following conditions is met:
         
      
         
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as the class loader of this class and invocation of 
         s.checkPermission method with RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers") denies access to the declared field 
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of 
         s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of this class 
Returns: the Field object for the specified field in this class
Since:JDK1.1
@jls8.2 Class Members
@jls8.3 Field Declarations
/**
     * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified declared
     * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
     * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} that specifies
     * the simple name of the desired field.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
     * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
     *
     * @param name the name of the field
     * @return  the {@code Field} object for the specified field in this
     *          class
     * @throws  NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
     *          not found.
     * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *          following conditions is met:
     *
     *          <ul>
     *
     *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
     *          class loader of this class and invocation of
     *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
     *          s.checkPermission} method with
     *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
     *          denies access to the declared field
     *
     *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *          of this class
     *
     *          </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     * @jls 8.2 Class Members
     * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Field getDeclaredField(String name)
        throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
        Field field = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false), name);
        if (field == null) {
            throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
        }
        return field;
    }


    
Returns a Method object that reflects the specified declared method of the class or interface represented by this Class object. The name parameter is a String that specifies the simple name of the desired method, and the parameterTypes parameter is an array of Class objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared order. If more than one method with the same parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily. If the name is "<init>"or "<clinit>" a NoSuchMethodException is raised. 
 If this Class object represents an array type, then this method does not find the clone() method. 
Params:
  • name – the name of the method
  • parameterTypes – the parameter array
Throws:
  • NoSuchMethodException – if a matching method is not found.
  • NullPointerException – if name is null
  • SecurityException – 
         If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
         following conditions is met:
         
      
         
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as the class loader of this class and invocation of 
         s.checkPermission method with RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers") denies access to the declared method 
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of 
         s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of this class 
Returns: the Method object for the method of this class matching the specified name and parameters
@jls8.2 Class Members
@jls8.4 Method Declarations
Since:JDK1.1
/**
     * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified
     * declared method of the class or interface represented by this
     * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
     * {@code String} that specifies the simple name of the desired
     * method, and the {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
     * {@code Class} objects that identify the method's formal parameter
     * types, in declared order.  If more than one method with the same
     * parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a
     * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
     * returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.  If the
     * name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;" a {@code NoSuchMethodException}
     * is raised.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
     * method does not find the {@code clone()} method.
     *
     * @param name the name of the method
     * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
     * @return  the {@code Method} object for the method of this class
     *          matching the specified name and parameters
     * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
     * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *          following conditions is met:
     *
     *          <ul>
     *
     *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
     *          class loader of this class and invocation of
     *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
     *          s.checkPermission} method with
     *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
     *          denies access to the declared method
     *
     *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *          of this class
     *
     *          </ul>
     *
     * @jls 8.2 Class Members
     * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
        throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
        Method method = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false), name, parameterTypes);
        if (method == null) {
            throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
        }
        return method;
    }


    
Returns a Constructor object that reflects the specified constructor of the class or interface represented by this Class object. The parameterTypes parameter is an array of Class objects that identify the constructor's formal parameter types, in declared order. If this Class object represents an inner class declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter. 
Params:
  • parameterTypes – the parameter array
Throws:
  • NoSuchMethodException – if a matching method is not found.
  • SecurityException – 
         If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
         following conditions is met:
         
      
         
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as the class loader of this class and invocation of 
         s.checkPermission method with RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers") denies access to the declared constructor 
    •  the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the current class and invocation of 
         s.checkPackageAccess() denies access to the package of this class 
Returns: The Constructor object for the constructor with the specified parameter list
Since:JDK1.1
/**
     * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
     * constructor of the class or interface represented by this
     * {@code Class} object.  The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is
     * an array of {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's
     * formal parameter types, in declared order.
     *
     * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
     * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
     * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
     *
     * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
     * @return  The {@code Constructor} object for the constructor with the
     *          specified parameter list
     * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
     * @throws  SecurityException
     *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
     *          following conditions is met:
     *
     *          <ul>
     *
     *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
     *          class loader of this class and invocation of
     *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
     *          s.checkPermission} method with
     *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
     *          denies access to the declared constructor
     *
     *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
     *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
     *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
     *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
     *          of this class
     *
     *          </ul>
     *
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    @CallerSensitive
    public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
        throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
        checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
        return getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.DECLARED);
    }

    
Finds a resource with a given name. The rules for searching resources associated with a given class are implemented by the defining class loader of the class. This method delegates to this object's class loader. If this object was loaded by the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream. 
 Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
given resource name using this algorithm:

    

  •  If the name begins with a '/' ('\u002f'), then the absolute name of the resource is the portion of the name following the '/'. 
  •  Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:

     modified_package_name/name 
    

     Where the modified_package_name is the package name of this object with '/' substituted for '.' ('\u002e').



Params:
  • name – name of the desired resource
Throws:
Returns: A InputStream object or null if no resource with this name is found
Since: JDK1.1
/**
     * Finds a resource with a given name.  The rules for searching resources
     * associated with a given class are implemented by the defining
     * {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
     * delegates to this object's class loader.  If this object was loaded by
     * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
     * ClassLoader#getSystemResourceAsStream}.
     *
     * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
     * given resource name using this algorithm:
     *
     * <ul>
     *
     * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
     * (<tt>'&#92;u002f'</tt>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
     * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
     *
     * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
     *
     * <blockquote>
     *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
     * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
     * (<tt>'&#92;u002e'</tt>).
     *
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param  name name of the desired resource
     * @return      A {@link java.io.InputStream} object or {@code null} if
     *              no resource with this name is found
     * @throws  NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}
     * @since  JDK1.1
     */
     public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name) {
        name = resolveName(name);
        ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
        if (cl==null) {
            // A system class.
            return ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(name);
        }
        return cl.getResourceAsStream(name);
    }

    
Finds a resource with a given name. The rules for searching resources associated with a given class are implemented by the defining class loader of the class. This method delegates to this object's class loader. If this object was loaded by the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to ClassLoader.getSystemResource. 
 Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
given resource name using this algorithm:

    

  •  If the name begins with a '/' ('\u002f'), then the absolute name of the resource is the portion of the name following the '/'. 
  •  Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:

     modified_package_name/name 
    

     Where the modified_package_name is the package name of this object with '/' substituted for '.' ('\u002e').



Params:
  • name – name of the desired resource
Returns: A URL object or null if no resource with this name is found
Since: JDK1.1
/**
     * Finds a resource with a given name.  The rules for searching resources
     * associated with a given class are implemented by the defining
     * {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
     * delegates to this object's class loader.  If this object was loaded by
     * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
     * ClassLoader#getSystemResource}.
     *
     * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
     * given resource name using this algorithm:
     *
     * <ul>
     *
     * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
     * (<tt>'&#92;u002f'</tt>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
     * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
     *
     * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
     *
     * <blockquote>
     *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
     * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
     * (<tt>'&#92;u002e'</tt>).
     *
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param  name name of the desired resource
     * @return      A  {@link java.net.URL} object or {@code null} if no
     *              resource with this name is found
     * @since  JDK1.1
     */
    public java.net.URL getResource(String name) {
        name = resolveName(name);
        ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
        if (cl==null) {
            // A system class.
            return ClassLoader.getSystemResource(name);
        }
        return cl.getResource(name);
    }



    
protection domain returned when the internal domain is null 
/** protection domain returned when the internal domain is null */
    private static java.security.ProtectionDomain allPermDomain;


    
Returns the ProtectionDomain of this class. If there is a security manager installed, this method first calls the security manager's checkPermission method with a RuntimePermission("getProtectionDomain") permission to ensure it's ok to get the ProtectionDomain. 
Throws:
  • SecurityException –  if a security manager exists and its checkPermission method doesn't allow getting the ProtectionDomain.
See Also:
Returns:the ProtectionDomain of this class
Since:1.2
/**
     * Returns the {@code ProtectionDomain} of this class.  If there is a
     * security manager installed, this method first calls the security
     * manager's {@code checkPermission} method with a
     * {@code RuntimePermission("getProtectionDomain")} permission to
     * ensure it's ok to get the
     * {@code ProtectionDomain}.
     *
     * @return the ProtectionDomain of this class
     *
     * @throws SecurityException
     *        if a security manager exists and its
     *        {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
     *        getting the ProtectionDomain.
     *
     * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
     * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
     * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain() {
        SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (sm != null) {
            sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_PD_PERMISSION);
        }
        java.security.ProtectionDomain pd = getProtectionDomain0();
        if (pd == null) {
            if (allPermDomain == null) {
                java.security.Permissions perms =
                    new java.security.Permissions();
                perms.add(SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION);
                allPermDomain =
                    new java.security.ProtectionDomain(null, perms);
            }
            pd = allPermDomain;
        }
        return pd;
    }


    
Returns the ProtectionDomain of this class.

/**
     * Returns the ProtectionDomain of this class.
     */
    private native java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain0();

    /*
     * Return the Virtual Machine's Class object for the named
     * primitive type.
     */
    static native Class<?> getPrimitiveClass(String name);

    /*
     * Check if client is allowed to access members.  If access is denied,
     * throw a SecurityException.
     *
     * This method also enforces package access.
     *
     * <p> Default policy: allow all clients access with normal Java access
     * control.
     */
    private void checkMemberAccess(int which, Class<?> caller, boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
        final SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (s != null) {
            /* Default policy allows access to all {@link Member#PUBLIC} members,
             * as well as access to classes that have the same class loader as the caller.
             * In all other cases, it requires RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")
             * permission.
             */
            final ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
            final ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
            if (which != Member.PUBLIC) {
                if (ccl != cl) {
                    s.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.CHECK_MEMBER_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
                }
            }
            this.checkPackageAccess(ccl, checkProxyInterfaces);
        }
    }

    /*
     * Checks if a client loaded in ClassLoader ccl is allowed to access this
     * class under the current package access policy. If access is denied,
     * throw a SecurityException.
     */
    private void checkPackageAccess(final ClassLoader ccl, boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
        final SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (s != null) {
            final ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();

            if (ReflectUtil.needsPackageAccessCheck(ccl, cl)) {
                String name = this.getName();
                int i = name.lastIndexOf('.');
                if (i != -1) {
                    // skip the package access check on a proxy class in default proxy package
                    String pkg = name.substring(0, i);
                    if (!Proxy.isProxyClass(this) || ReflectUtil.isNonPublicProxyClass(this)) {
                        s.checkPackageAccess(pkg);
                    }
                }
            }
            // check package access on the proxy interfaces
            if (checkProxyInterfaces && Proxy.isProxyClass(this)) {
                ReflectUtil.checkProxyPackageAccess(ccl, this.getInterfaces());
            }
        }
    }

    
Add a package name prefix if the name is not absolute Remove leading "/"
if name is absolute

/**
     * Add a package name prefix if the name is not absolute Remove leading "/"
     * if name is absolute
     */
    private String resolveName(String name) {
        if (name == null) {
            return name;
        }
        if (!name.startsWith("/")) {
            Class<?> c = this;
            while (c.isArray()) {
                c = c.getComponentType();
            }
            String baseName = c.getName();
            int index = baseName.lastIndexOf('.');
            if (index != -1) {
                name = baseName.substring(0, index).replace('.', '/')
                    +"/"+name;
            }
        } else {
            name = name.substring(1);
        }
        return name;
    }

    
Atomic operations support.

/**
     * Atomic operations support.
     */
    private static class Atomic {
        // initialize Unsafe machinery here, since we need to call Class.class instance method
        // and have to avoid calling it in the static initializer of the Class class...
        private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
        // offset of Class.reflectionData instance field
        private static final long reflectionDataOffset;
        // offset of Class.annotationType instance field
        private static final long annotationTypeOffset;
        // offset of Class.annotationData instance field
        private static final long annotationDataOffset;

        static {
            Field[] fields = Class.class.getDeclaredFields0(false); // bypass caches
            reflectionDataOffset = objectFieldOffset(fields, "reflectionData");
            annotationTypeOffset = objectFieldOffset(fields, "annotationType");
            annotationDataOffset = objectFieldOffset(fields, "annotationData");
        }

        private static long objectFieldOffset(Field[] fields, String fieldName) {
            Field field = searchFields(fields, fieldName);
            if (field == null) {
                throw new Error("No " + fieldName + " field found in java.lang.Class");
            }
            return unsafe.objectFieldOffset(field);
        }

        static <T> boolean casReflectionData(Class<?> clazz,
                                             SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldData,
                                             SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> newData) {
            return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(clazz, reflectionDataOffset, oldData, newData);
        }

        static <T> boolean casAnnotationType(Class<?> clazz,
                                             AnnotationType oldType,
                                             AnnotationType newType) {
            return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(clazz, annotationTypeOffset, oldType, newType);
        }

        static <T> boolean casAnnotationData(Class<?> clazz,
                                             AnnotationData oldData,
                                             AnnotationData newData) {
            return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(clazz, annotationDataOffset, oldData, newData);
        }
    }

    
Reflection support.

/**
     * Reflection support.
     */

    // Caches for certain reflective results
    private static boolean useCaches = true;

    // reflection data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
    private static class ReflectionData<T> {
        volatile Field[] declaredFields;
        volatile Field[] publicFields;
        volatile Method[] declaredMethods;
        volatile Method[] publicMethods;
        volatile Constructor<T>[] declaredConstructors;
        volatile Constructor<T>[] publicConstructors;
        // Intermediate results for getFields and getMethods
        volatile Field[] declaredPublicFields;
        volatile Method[] declaredPublicMethods;
        volatile Class<?>[] interfaces;

        // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this ReflectionData instance
        final int redefinedCount;

        ReflectionData(int redefinedCount) {
            this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
        }
    }

    private volatile transient SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData;

    // Incremented by the VM on each call to JVM TI RedefineClasses()
    // that redefines this class or a superclass.
    private volatile transient int classRedefinedCount = 0;

    // Lazily create and cache ReflectionData
    private ReflectionData<T> reflectionData() {
        SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData = this.reflectionData;
        int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
        ReflectionData<T> rd;
        if (useCaches &&
            reflectionData != null &&
            (rd = reflectionData.get()) != null &&
            rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
            return rd;
        }
        // else no SoftReference or cleared SoftReference or stale ReflectionData
        // -> create and replace new instance
        return newReflectionData(reflectionData, classRedefinedCount);
    }

    private ReflectionData<T> newReflectionData(SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldReflectionData,
                                                int classRedefinedCount) {
        if (!useCaches) return null;

        while (true) {
            ReflectionData<T> rd = new ReflectionData<>(classRedefinedCount);
            // try to CAS it...
            if (Atomic.casReflectionData(this, oldReflectionData, new SoftReference<>(rd))) {
                return rd;
            }
            // else retry
            oldReflectionData = this.reflectionData;
            classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
            if (oldReflectionData != null &&
                (rd = oldReflectionData.get()) != null &&
                rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
                return rd;
            }
        }
    }

    // Generic signature handling
    private native String getGenericSignature0();

    // Generic info repository; lazily initialized
    private volatile transient ClassRepository genericInfo;

    // accessor for factory
    private GenericsFactory getFactory() {
        // create scope and factory
        return CoreReflectionFactory.make(this, ClassScope.make(this));
    }

    // accessor for generic info repository;
    // generic info is lazily initialized
    private ClassRepository getGenericInfo() {
        ClassRepository genericInfo = this.genericInfo;
        if (genericInfo == null) {
            String signature = getGenericSignature0();
            if (signature == null) {
                genericInfo = ClassRepository.NONE;
            } else {
                genericInfo = ClassRepository.make(signature, getFactory());
            }
            this.genericInfo = genericInfo;
        }
        return (genericInfo != ClassRepository.NONE) ? genericInfo : null;
    }

    // Annotations handling
    native byte[] getRawAnnotations();
    // Since 1.8
    native byte[] getRawTypeAnnotations();
    static byte[] getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(Executable ex) {
        return getReflectionFactory().getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(ex);
    }

    native ConstantPool getConstantPool();

    //
    //
    // java.lang.reflect.Field handling
    //
    //

    // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
    // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
    // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
    private Field[] privateGetDeclaredFields(boolean publicOnly) {
        checkInitted();
        Field[] res;
        ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
        if (rd != null) {
            res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicFields : rd.declaredFields;
            if (res != null) return res;
        }
        // No cached value available; request value from VM
        res = Reflection.filterFields(this, getDeclaredFields0(publicOnly));
        if (rd != null) {
            if (publicOnly) {
                rd.declaredPublicFields = res;
            } else {
                rd.declaredFields = res;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

    // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
    // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
    // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
    private Field[] privateGetPublicFields(Set<Class<?>> traversedInterfaces) {
        checkInitted();
        Field[] res;
        ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
        if (rd != null) {
            res = rd.publicFields;
            if (res != null) return res;
        }

        // No cached value available; compute value recursively.
        // Traverse in correct order for getField().
        List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
        if (traversedInterfaces == null) {
            traversedInterfaces = new HashSet<>();
        }

        // Local fields
        Field[] tmp = privateGetDeclaredFields(true);
        addAll(fields, tmp);

        // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
        for (Class<?> c : getInterfaces()) {
            if (!traversedInterfaces.contains(c)) {
                traversedInterfaces.add(c);
                addAll(fields, c.privateGetPublicFields(traversedInterfaces));
            }
        }

        // Direct superclass, recursively
        if (!isInterface()) {
            Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
            if (c != null) {
                addAll(fields, c.privateGetPublicFields(traversedInterfaces));
            }
        }

        res = new Field[fields.size()];
        fields.toArray(res);
        if (rd != null) {
            rd.publicFields = res;
        }
        return res;
    }

    private static void addAll(Collection<Field> c, Field[] o) {
        for (int i = 0; i < o.length; i++) {
            c.add(o[i]);
        }
    }


    //
    //
    // java.lang.reflect.Constructor handling
    //
    //

    // Returns an array of "root" constructors. These Constructor
    // objects must NOT be propagated to the outside world, but must
    // instead be copied via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
    private Constructor<T>[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly) {
        checkInitted();
        Constructor<T>[] res;
        ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
        if (rd != null) {
            res = publicOnly ? rd.publicConstructors : rd.declaredConstructors;
            if (res != null) return res;
        }
        // No cached value available; request value from VM
        if (isInterface()) {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            Constructor<T>[] temporaryRes = (Constructor<T>[]) new Constructor<?>[0];
            res = temporaryRes;
        } else {
            res = getDeclaredConstructors0(publicOnly);
        }
        if (rd != null) {
            if (publicOnly) {
                rd.publicConstructors = res;
            } else {
                rd.declaredConstructors = res;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

    //
    //
    // java.lang.reflect.Method handling
    //
    //

    // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
    // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
    // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
    private Method[] privateGetDeclaredMethods(boolean publicOnly) {
        checkInitted();
        Method[] res;
        ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
        if (rd != null) {
            res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicMethods : rd.declaredMethods;
            if (res != null) return res;
        }
        // No cached value available; request value from VM
        res = Reflection.filterMethods(this, getDeclaredMethods0(publicOnly));
        if (rd != null) {
            if (publicOnly) {
                rd.declaredPublicMethods = res;
            } else {
                rd.declaredMethods = res;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

    static class MethodArray {
        // Don't add or remove methods except by add() or remove() calls.
        private Method[] methods;
        private int length;
        private int defaults;

        MethodArray() {
            this(20);
        }

        MethodArray(int initialSize) {
            if (initialSize < 2)
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Size should be 2 or more");

            methods = new Method[initialSize];
            length = 0;
            defaults = 0;
        }

        boolean hasDefaults() {
            return defaults != 0;
        }

        void add(Method m) {
            if (length == methods.length) {
                methods = Arrays.copyOf(methods, 2 * methods.length);
            }
            methods[length++] = m;

            if (m != null && m.isDefault())
                defaults++;
        }

        void addAll(Method[] ma) {
            for (int i = 0; i < ma.length; i++) {
                add(ma[i]);
            }
        }

        void addAll(MethodArray ma) {
            for (int i = 0; i < ma.length(); i++) {
                add(ma.get(i));
            }
        }

        void addIfNotPresent(Method newMethod) {
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                Method m = methods[i];
                if (m == newMethod || (m != null && m.equals(newMethod))) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            add(newMethod);
        }

        void addAllIfNotPresent(MethodArray newMethods) {
            for (int i = 0; i < newMethods.length(); i++) {
                Method m = newMethods.get(i);
                if (m != null) {
                    addIfNotPresent(m);
                }
            }
        }

        /* Add Methods declared in an interface to this MethodArray.
         * Static methods declared in interfaces are not inherited.
         */
        void addInterfaceMethods(Method[] methods) {
            for (Method candidate : methods) {
                if (!Modifier.isStatic(candidate.getModifiers())) {
                    add(candidate);
                }
            }
        }

        int length() {
            return length;
        }

        Method get(int i) {
            return methods[i];
        }

        Method getFirst() {
            for (Method m : methods)
                if (m != null)
                    return m;
            return null;
        }

        void removeByNameAndDescriptor(Method toRemove) {
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                Method m = methods[i];
                if (m != null && matchesNameAndDescriptor(m, toRemove)) {
                    remove(i);
                }
            }
        }

        private void remove(int i) {
            if (methods[i] != null && methods[i].isDefault())
                defaults--;
            methods[i] = null;
        }

        private boolean matchesNameAndDescriptor(Method m1, Method m2) {
            return m1.getReturnType() == m2.getReturnType() &&
                   m1.getName() == m2.getName() && // name is guaranteed to be interned
                   arrayContentsEq(m1.getParameterTypes(),
                           m2.getParameterTypes());
        }

        void compactAndTrim() {
            int newPos = 0;
            // Get rid of null slots
            for (int pos = 0; pos < length; pos++) {
                Method m = methods[pos];
                if (m != null) {
                    if (pos != newPos) {
                        methods[newPos] = m;
                    }
                    newPos++;
                }
            }
            if (newPos != methods.length) {
                methods = Arrays.copyOf(methods, newPos);
            }
        }

        /* Removes all Methods from this MethodArray that have a more specific
         * default Method in this MethodArray.
         *
         * Users of MethodArray are responsible for pruning Methods that have
         * a more specific <em>concrete</em> Method.
         */
        void removeLessSpecifics() {
            if (!hasDefaults())
                return;

            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                Method m = get(i);
                if  (m == null || !m.isDefault())
                    continue;

                for (int j  = 0; j < length; j++) {
                    if (i == j)
                        continue;

                    Method candidate = get(j);
                    if (candidate == null)
                        continue;

                    if (!matchesNameAndDescriptor(m, candidate))
                        continue;

                    if (hasMoreSpecificClass(m, candidate))
                        remove(j);
                }
            }
        }

        Method[] getArray() {
            return methods;
        }

        // Returns true if m1 is more specific than m2
        static boolean hasMoreSpecificClass(Method m1, Method m2) {
            Class<?> m1Class = m1.getDeclaringClass();
            Class<?> m2Class = m2.getDeclaringClass();
            return m1Class != m2Class && m2Class.isAssignableFrom(m1Class);
        }
    }


    // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
    // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
    // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
    private Method[] privateGetPublicMethods() {
        checkInitted();
        Method[] res;
        ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
        if (rd != null) {
            res = rd.publicMethods;
            if (res != null) return res;
        }

        // No cached value available; compute value recursively.
        // Start by fetching public declared methods
        MethodArray methods = new MethodArray();
        {
            Method[] tmp = privateGetDeclaredMethods(true);
            methods.addAll(tmp);
        }
        // Now recur over superclass and direct superinterfaces.
        // Go over superinterfaces first so we can more easily filter
        // out concrete implementations inherited from superclasses at
        // the end.
        MethodArray inheritedMethods = new MethodArray();
        for (Class<?> i : getInterfaces()) {
            inheritedMethods.addInterfaceMethods(i.privateGetPublicMethods());
        }
        if (!isInterface()) {
            Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
            if (c != null) {
                MethodArray supers = new MethodArray();
                supers.addAll(c.privateGetPublicMethods());
                // Filter out concrete implementations of any
                // interface methods
                for (int i = 0; i < supers.length(); i++) {
                    Method m = supers.get(i);
                    if (m != null &&
                            !Modifier.isAbstract(m.getModifiers()) &&
                            !m.isDefault()) {
                        inheritedMethods.removeByNameAndDescriptor(m);
                    }
                }
                // Insert superclass's inherited methods before
                // superinterfaces' to satisfy getMethod's search
                // order
                supers.addAll(inheritedMethods);
                inheritedMethods = supers;
            }
        }
        // Filter out all local methods from inherited ones
        for (int i = 0; i < methods.length(); i++) {
            Method m = methods.get(i);
            inheritedMethods.removeByNameAndDescriptor(m);
        }
        methods.addAllIfNotPresent(inheritedMethods);
        methods.removeLessSpecifics();
        methods.compactAndTrim();
        res = methods.getArray();
        if (rd != null) {
            rd.publicMethods = res;
        }
        return res;
    }


    //
    // Helpers for fetchers of one field, method, or constructor
    //

    private static Field searchFields(Field[] fields, String name) {
        String internedName = name.intern();
        for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
            if (fields[i].getName() == internedName) {
                return getReflectionFactory().copyField(fields[i]);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    private Field getField0(String name) throws NoSuchFieldException {
        // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
        // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
        // privateGetPublicFields(). It fetches only the declared
        // public fields for each class, however, to reduce the number
        // of Field objects which have to be created for the common
        // case where the field being requested is declared in the
        // class which is being queried.
        Field res;
        // Search declared public fields
        if ((res = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(true), name)) != null) {
            return res;
        }
        // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
        Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces();
        for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
            Class<?> c = interfaces[i];
            if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
                return res;
            }
        }
        // Direct superclass, recursively
        if (!isInterface()) {
            Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
            if (c != null) {
                if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
                    return res;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    private static Method searchMethods(Method[] methods,
                                        String name,
                                        Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
    {
        Method res = null;
        String internedName = name.intern();
        for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
            Method m = methods[i];
            if (m.getName() == internedName
                && arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes, m.getParameterTypes())
                && (res == null
                    || res.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(m.getReturnType())))
                res = m;
        }

        return (res == null ? res : getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(res));
    }

    private Method getMethod0(String name, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, boolean includeStaticMethods) {
        MethodArray interfaceCandidates = new MethodArray(2);
        Method res =  privateGetMethodRecursive(name, parameterTypes, includeStaticMethods, interfaceCandidates);
        if (res != null)
            return res;

        // Not found on class or superclass directly
        interfaceCandidates.removeLessSpecifics();
        return interfaceCandidates.getFirst(); // may be null
    }

    private Method privateGetMethodRecursive(String name,
            Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
            boolean includeStaticMethods,
            MethodArray allInterfaceCandidates) {
        // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
        // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
        // privateGetPublicMethods(). It fetches only the declared
        // public methods for each class, however, to reduce the
        // number of Method objects which have to be created for the
        // common case where the method being requested is declared in
        // the class which is being queried.
        //
        // Due to default methods, unless a method is found on a superclass,
        // methods declared in any superinterface needs to be considered.
        // Collect all candidates declared in superinterfaces in {@code
        // allInterfaceCandidates} and select the most specific if no match on
        // a superclass is found.

        // Must _not_ return root methods
        Method res;
        // Search declared public methods
        if ((res = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(true),
                                 name,
                                 parameterTypes)) != null) {
            if (includeStaticMethods || !Modifier.isStatic(res.getModifiers()))
                return res;
        }
        // Search superclass's methods
        if (!isInterface()) {
            Class<? super T> c = getSuperclass();
            if (c != null) {
                if ((res = c.getMethod0(name, parameterTypes, true)) != null) {
                    return res;
                }
            }
        }
        // Search superinterfaces' methods
        Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces();
        for (Class<?> c : interfaces)
            if ((res = c.getMethod0(name, parameterTypes, false)) != null)
                allInterfaceCandidates.add(res);
        // Not found
        return null;
    }

    private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
                                        int which) throws NoSuchMethodException
    {
        Constructor<T>[] constructors = privateGetDeclaredConstructors((which == Member.PUBLIC));
        for (Constructor<T> constructor : constructors) {
            if (arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
                                constructor.getParameterTypes())) {
                return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(constructor);
            }
        }
        throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + ".<init>" + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
    }

    //
    // Other helpers and base implementation
    //

    private static boolean arrayContentsEq(Object[] a1, Object[] a2) {
        if (a1 == null) {
            return a2 == null || a2.length == 0;
        }

        if (a2 == null) {
            return a1.length == 0;
        }

        if (a1.length != a2.length) {
            return false;
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < a1.length; i++) {
            if (a1[i] != a2[i]) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    private static Field[] copyFields(Field[] arg) {
        Field[] out = new Field[arg.length];
        ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
        for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
            out[i] = fact.copyField(arg[i]);
        }
        return out;
    }

    private static Method[] copyMethods(Method[] arg) {
        Method[] out = new Method[arg.length];
        ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
        for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
            out[i] = fact.copyMethod(arg[i]);
        }
        return out;
    }

    private static <U> Constructor<U>[] copyConstructors(Constructor<U>[] arg) {
        Constructor<U>[] out = arg.clone();
        ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
        for (int i = 0; i < out.length; i++) {
            out[i] = fact.copyConstructor(out[i]);
        }
        return out;
    }

    private native Field[]       getDeclaredFields0(boolean publicOnly);
    private native Method[]      getDeclaredMethods0(boolean publicOnly);
    private native Constructor<T>[] getDeclaredConstructors0(boolean publicOnly);
    private native Class<?>[]   getDeclaredClasses0();

    private static String        argumentTypesToString(Class<?>[] argTypes) {
        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
        buf.append("(");
        if (argTypes != null) {
            for (int i = 0; i < argTypes.length; i++) {
                if (i > 0) {
                    buf.append(", ");
                }
                Class<?> c = argTypes[i];
                buf.append((c == null) ? "null" : c.getName());
            }
        }
        buf.append(")");
        return buf.toString();
    }

    
use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1 for interoperability 
/** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1 for interoperability */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3206093459760846163L;


    
Class Class is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol.
A Class instance is written initially into an ObjectOutputStream in the
following format:

 TC_CLASS ClassDescriptor A ClassDescriptor is a special cased serialization of a java.io.ObjectStreamClass instance. 

A new handle is generated for the initial time the class descriptor
is written into the stream. Future references to the class descriptor
are written as references to the initial class descriptor instance.

See Also:
/**
     * Class Class is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol.
     *
     * A Class instance is written initially into an ObjectOutputStream in the
     * following format:
     * <pre>
     *      {@code TC_CLASS} ClassDescriptor
     *      A ClassDescriptor is a special cased serialization of
     *      a {@code java.io.ObjectStreamClass} instance.
     * </pre>
     * A new handle is generated for the initial time the class descriptor
     * is written into the stream. Future references to the class descriptor
     * are written as references to the initial class descriptor instance.
     *
     * @see java.io.ObjectStreamClass
     */
    private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
        new ObjectStreamField[0];


    
Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this
class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked.
If this class has had its assertion status set, the most recent
setting will be returned; otherwise, if any package default assertion
status pertains to this class, the most recent setting for the most
specific pertinent package default assertion status is returned;
otherwise, if this class is not a system class (i.e., it has a
class loader) its class loader's default assertion status is returned;
otherwise, the system class default assertion status is returned.


Few programmers will have any need for this method; it is provided
for the benefit of the JRE itself.  (It allows a class to determine at
the time that it is initialized whether assertions should be enabled.)
Note that this method is not guaranteed to return the actual
assertion status that was (or will be) associated with the specified
class when it was (or will be) initialized.

See Also:
Returns:the desired assertion status of the specified class.
Since: 1.4
/**
     * Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this
     * class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked.
     * If this class has had its assertion status set, the most recent
     * setting will be returned; otherwise, if any package default assertion
     * status pertains to this class, the most recent setting for the most
     * specific pertinent package default assertion status is returned;
     * otherwise, if this class is not a system class (i.e., it has a
     * class loader) its class loader's default assertion status is returned;
     * otherwise, the system class default assertion status is returned.
     * <p>
     * Few programmers will have any need for this method; it is provided
     * for the benefit of the JRE itself.  (It allows a class to determine at
     * the time that it is initialized whether assertions should be enabled.)
     * Note that this method is not guaranteed to return the actual
     * assertion status that was (or will be) associated with the specified
     * class when it was (or will be) initialized.
     *
     * @return the desired assertion status of the specified class.
     * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setClassAssertionStatus
     * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setPackageAssertionStatus
     * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setDefaultAssertionStatus
     * @since  1.4
     */
    public boolean desiredAssertionStatus() {
        ClassLoader loader = getClassLoader();
        // If the loader is null this is a system class, so ask the VM
        if (loader == null)
            return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);

        // If the classloader has been initialized with the assertion
        // directives, ask it. Otherwise, ask the VM.
        synchronized(loader.assertionLock) {
            if (loader.classAssertionStatus != null) {
                return loader.desiredAssertionStatus(getName());
            }
        }
        return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
    }

    // Retrieves the desired assertion status of this class from the VM
    private static native boolean desiredAssertionStatus0(Class<?> clazz);

    
Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
source code.

Returns:true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
    source code
Since:1.5
/**
     * Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
     * source code.
     *
     * @return true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
     *     source code
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean isEnum() {
        // An enum must both directly extend java.lang.Enum and have
        // the ENUM bit set; classes for specialized enum constants
        // don't do the former.
        return (this.getModifiers() & ENUM) != 0 &&
        this.getSuperclass() == java.lang.Enum.class;
    }

    // Fetches the factory for reflective objects
    private static ReflectionFactory getReflectionFactory() {
        if (reflectionFactory == null) {
            reflectionFactory =
                java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
                    (new sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory.GetReflectionFactoryAction());
        }
        return reflectionFactory;
    }
    private static ReflectionFactory reflectionFactory;

    // To be able to query system properties as soon as they're available
    private static boolean initted = false;
    private static void checkInitted() {
        if (initted) return;
        AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
                public Void run() {
                    // Tests to ensure the system properties table is fully
                    // initialized. This is needed because reflection code is
                    // called very early in the initialization process (before
                    // command-line arguments have been parsed and therefore
                    // these user-settable properties installed.) We assume that
                    // if System.out is non-null then the System class has been
                    // fully initialized and that the bulk of the startup code
                    // has been run.

                    if (System.out == null) {
                        // java.lang.System not yet fully initialized
                        return null;
                    }

                    // Doesn't use Boolean.getBoolean to avoid class init.
                    String val =
                        System.getProperty("sun.reflect.noCaches");
                    if (val != null && val.equals("true")) {
                        useCaches = false;
                    }

                    initted = true;
                    return null;
                }
            });
    }

    
Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
Class object does not represent an enum type.

Returns:an array containing the values comprising the enum class
    represented by this Class object in the order they're
    declared, or null if this Class object does not
    represent an enum type
Since:1.5
/**
     * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
     * Class object does not represent an enum type.
     *
     * @return an array containing the values comprising the enum class
     *     represented by this Class object in the order they're
     *     declared, or null if this Class object does not
     *     represent an enum type
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public T[] getEnumConstants() {
        T[] values = getEnumConstantsShared();
        return (values != null) ? values.clone() : null;
    }

    
Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
Class object does not represent an enum type;
identical to getEnumConstants except that the result is
uncloned, cached, and shared by all callers.

/**
     * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
     * Class object does not represent an enum type;
     * identical to getEnumConstants except that the result is
     * uncloned, cached, and shared by all callers.
     */
    T[] getEnumConstantsShared() {
        if (enumConstants == null) {
            if (!isEnum()) return null;
            try {
                final Method values = getMethod("values");
                java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
                    new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
                        public Void run() {
                                values.setAccessible(true);
                                return null;
                            }
                        });
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                T[] temporaryConstants = (T[])values.invoke(null);
                enumConstants = temporaryConstants;
            }
            // These can happen when users concoct enum-like classes
            // that don't comply with the enum spec.
            catch (InvocationTargetException | NoSuchMethodException |
                   IllegalAccessException ex) { return null; }
        }
        return enumConstants;
    }
    private volatile transient T[] enumConstants = null;

    
Returns a map from simple name to enum constant. This package-private method is used internally by Enum to implement public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T>, String) efficiently. Note that the map is returned by this method is created lazily on first use. Typically it won't ever get created. 
/**
     * Returns a map from simple name to enum constant.  This package-private
     * method is used internally by Enum to implement
     * {@code public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T>, String)}
     * efficiently.  Note that the map is returned by this method is
     * created lazily on first use.  Typically it won't ever get created.
     */
    Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory() {
        if (enumConstantDirectory == null) {
            T[] universe = getEnumConstantsShared();
            if (universe == null)
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    getName() + " is not an enum type");
            Map<String, T> m = new HashMap<>(2 * universe.length);
            for (T constant : universe)
                m.put(((Enum<?>)constant).name(), constant);
            enumConstantDirectory = m;
        }
        return enumConstantDirectory;
    }
    private volatile transient Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory = null;

    
Casts an object to the class or interface represented by this Class object. 
Params:
  • obj – the object to be cast
Throws:
Returns:the object after casting, or null if obj is null
Since:1.5
/**
     * Casts an object to the class or interface represented
     * by this {@code Class} object.
     *
     * @param obj the object to be cast
     * @return the object after casting, or null if obj is null
     *
     * @throws ClassCastException if the object is not
     * null and is not assignable to the type T.
     *
     * @since 1.5
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public T cast(Object obj) {
        if (obj != null && !isInstance(obj))
            throw new ClassCastException(cannotCastMsg(obj));
        return (T) obj;
    }

    private String cannotCastMsg(Object obj) {
        return "Cannot cast " + obj.getClass().getName() + " to " + getName();
    }

    
Casts this Class object to represent a subclass of the class represented by the specified class object. Checks that the cast is valid, and throws a ClassCastException if it is not. If this method succeeds, it always returns a reference to this class object. 
This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of a Class object to pass it to an API that restricts the Class objects that it is willing to accept. A cast would generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented by erasure). 
Params:
  • clazz – the class of the type to cast this class object to
Type parameters:
  • <U> – the type to cast this class object to
Throws:
  • ClassCastException – if this Class object does not represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes the class itself).
Returns:this Class object, cast to represent a subclass of the specified class object.
Since:1.5
/**
     * Casts this {@code Class} object to represent a subclass of the class
     * represented by the specified class object.  Checks that the cast
     * is valid, and throws a {@code ClassCastException} if it is not.  If
     * this method succeeds, it always returns a reference to this class object.
     *
     * <p>This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of
     * a {@code Class} object to pass it to an API that restricts the
     * {@code Class} objects that it is willing to accept.  A cast would
     * generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast
     * could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented
     * by erasure).
     *
     * @param <U> the type to cast this class object to
     * @param clazz the class of the type to cast this class object to
     * @return this {@code Class} object, cast to represent a subclass of
     *    the specified class object.
     * @throws ClassCastException if this {@code Class} object does not
     *    represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes
     *    the class itself).
     * @since 1.5
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz) {
        if (clazz.isAssignableFrom(this))
            return (Class<? extends U>) this;
        else
            throw new ClassCastException(this.toString());
    }

    
Throws:
  • NullPointerException – {@inheritDoc}
Since:1.5
/**
     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
     * @since 1.5
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);

        return (A) annotationData().annotations.get(annotationClass);
    }

    
{@inheritDoc}

Throws:
Since:1.5
/**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
     * @since 1.5
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) {
        return GenericDeclaration.super.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass);
    }

    
Throws:
  • NullPointerException – {@inheritDoc}
Since:1.8
/**
     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
     * @since 1.8
     */
    @Override
    public <A extends Annotation> A[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);

        AnnotationData annotationData = annotationData();
        return AnnotationSupport.getAssociatedAnnotations(annotationData.declaredAnnotations,
                                                          this,
                                                          annotationClass);
    }

    
Since:1.5
/**
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {
        return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().annotations);
    }

    
Throws:
  • NullPointerException – {@inheritDoc}
Since:1.8
/**
     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
     * @since 1.8
     */
    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public <A extends Annotation> A getDeclaredAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);

        return (A) annotationData().declaredAnnotations.get(annotationClass);
    }

    
Throws:
  • NullPointerException – {@inheritDoc}
Since:1.8
/**
     * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
     * @since 1.8
     */
    @Override
    public <A extends Annotation> A[] getDeclaredAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);

        return AnnotationSupport.getDirectlyAndIndirectlyPresent(annotationData().declaredAnnotations,
                                                                 annotationClass);
    }

    
Since:1.5
/**
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
        return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().declaredAnnotations);
    }

    // annotation data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
    private static class AnnotationData {
        final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations;
        final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations;

        // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this AnnotationData instance
        final int redefinedCount;

        AnnotationData(Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations,
                       Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations,
                       int redefinedCount) {
            this.annotations = annotations;
            this.declaredAnnotations = declaredAnnotations;
            this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
        }
    }

    // Annotations cache
    @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
    private volatile transient AnnotationData annotationData;

    private AnnotationData annotationData() {
        while (true) { // retry loop
            AnnotationData annotationData = this.annotationData;
            int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
            if (annotationData != null &&
                annotationData.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
                return annotationData;
            }
            // null or stale annotationData -> optimistically create new instance
            AnnotationData newAnnotationData = createAnnotationData(classRedefinedCount);
            // try to install it
            if (Atomic.casAnnotationData(this, annotationData, newAnnotationData)) {
                // successfully installed new AnnotationData
                return newAnnotationData;
            }
        }
    }

    private AnnotationData createAnnotationData(int classRedefinedCount) {
        Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations =
            AnnotationParser.parseAnnotations(getRawAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
        Class<?> superClass = getSuperclass();
        Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations = null;
        if (superClass != null) {
            Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> superAnnotations =
                superClass.annotationData().annotations;
            for (Map.Entry<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> e : superAnnotations.entrySet()) {
                Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass = e.getKey();
                if (AnnotationType.getInstance(annotationClass).isInherited()) {
                    if (annotations == null) { // lazy construction
                        annotations = new LinkedHashMap<>((Math.max(
                                declaredAnnotations.size(),
                                Math.min(12, declaredAnnotations.size() + superAnnotations.size())
                            ) * 4 + 2) / 3
                        );
                    }
                    annotations.put(annotationClass, e.getValue());
                }
            }
        }
        if (annotations == null) {
            // no inherited annotations -> share the Map with declaredAnnotations
            annotations = declaredAnnotations;
        } else {
            // at least one inherited annotation -> declared may override inherited
            annotations.putAll(declaredAnnotations);
        }
        return new AnnotationData(annotations, declaredAnnotations, classRedefinedCount);
    }

    // Annotation types cache their internal (AnnotationType) form

    @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
    private volatile transient AnnotationType annotationType;

    boolean casAnnotationType(AnnotationType oldType, AnnotationType newType) {
        return Atomic.casAnnotationType(this, oldType, newType);
    }

    AnnotationType getAnnotationType() {
        return annotationType;
    }

    Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> getDeclaredAnnotationMap() {
        return annotationData().declaredAnnotations;
    }

    /* Backing store of user-defined values pertaining to this class.
     * Maintained by the ClassValue class.
     */
    transient ClassValue.ClassValueMap classValueMap;

    
Returns an AnnotatedType object that represents the use of a type to specify the superclass of the entity represented by this 
Class object. (The use of type Foo to specify the superclass
in '...  extends Foo' is distinct from the declaration of type
Foo.)

 If this Class object represents a type whose declaration does not explicitly indicate an annotated superclass, then the return value is an AnnotatedType object representing an element with no annotations. 
 If this Class represents either the Object class, an interface type, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return value is null. 
Returns:an object representing the superclass
Since:1.8
/**
     * Returns an {@code AnnotatedType} object that represents the use of a
     * type to specify the superclass of the entity represented by this {@code
     * Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify the superclass
     * in '...  extends Foo' is distinct from the <em>declaration</em> of type
     * Foo.)
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type whose declaration
     * does not explicitly indicate an annotated superclass, then the return
     * value is an {@code AnnotatedType} object representing an element with no
     * annotations.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object} class, an
     * interface type, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return
     * value is {@code null}.
     *
     * @return an object representing the superclass
     * @since 1.8
     */
    public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedSuperclass() {
        if (this == Object.class ||
                isInterface() ||
                isArray() ||
                isPrimitive() ||
                this == Void.TYPE) {
            return null;
        }

        return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedSuperclass(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
    }

    
Returns an array of AnnotatedType objects that represent the use of types to specify superinterfaces of the entity represented by this Class object. (The use of type Foo to specify a
superinterface in '... implements Foo' is distinct from the
declaration of type Foo.)

 If this Class object represents a class, the return value is an array containing objects representing the uses of interface types to specify interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface types used in the 'implements' clause of the declaration of this Class object. 
 If this Class object represents an interface, the return value is an array containing objects representing the uses of interface types to specify interfaces directly extended by the interface. The order of the objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface types used in the 'extends' clause of the declaration of this Class object. 
 If this Class object represents a class or interface whose declaration does not explicitly indicate any annotated superinterfaces, the return value is an array of length 0. 
 If this Class object represents either the Object class, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return value is an array of length 0. 
Returns:an array representing the superinterfaces
Since:1.8
/**
     * Returns an array of {@code AnnotatedType} objects that represent the use
     * of types to specify superinterfaces of the entity represented by this
     * {@code Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify a
     * superinterface in '... implements Foo' is distinct from the
     * <em>declaration</em> of type Foo.)
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, the return value is
     * an array containing objects representing the uses of interface types to
     * specify interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the objects in
     * the array corresponds to the order of the interface types used in the
     * 'implements' clause of the declaration of this {@code Class} object.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, the return
     * value is an array containing objects representing the uses of interface
     * types to specify interfaces directly extended by the interface. The
     * order of the objects in the array corresponds to the order of the
     * interface types used in the 'extends' clause of the declaration of this
     * {@code Class} object.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface whose
     * declaration does not explicitly indicate any annotated superinterfaces,
     * the return value is an array of length 0.
     *
     * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents either the {@code Object}
     * class, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return value is an
     * array of length 0.
     *
     * @return an array representing the superinterfaces
     * @since 1.8
     */
    public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedInterfaces() {
         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedInterfaces(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
    }
}