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 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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/*
 * This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
 * License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 * However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
 * file:
 *
 * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
 * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
 * http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
 */

package java.util.concurrent;


An ExecutorService that can schedule commands to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically. 
The schedule methods create tasks with various delays and return a task object that can be used to cancel or check execution. The scheduleAtFixedRate and scheduleWithFixedDelay methods create and execute tasks that run periodically until cancelled. 
Commands submitted using the Executor.execute(Runnable) and ExecutorService submit methods are scheduled with a requested delay of zero. Zero and negative delays (but not periods) are also allowed in schedule methods, and are treated as requests for immediate execution. 
All schedule methods accept relative delays and periods as arguments, not absolute times or dates. It is a simple matter to transform an absolute time represented as a Date to the required form. For example, to schedule at a certain future date, you can use: schedule(task,
date.getTime() - System.currentTimeMillis(),
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS). Beware however that expiration of a relative delay need not coincide with the current Date at which the task is enabled due to network time synchronization protocols, clock drift, or other factors. 
The Executors class provides convenient factory methods for the ScheduledExecutorService implementations provided in this package. 
Usage Example

Here is a class with a method that sets up a ScheduledExecutorService
to beep every ten seconds for an hour:

 
import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.*;
class BeeperControl {
  private final ScheduledExecutorService scheduler =
    Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
  public void beepForAnHour() {
    Runnable beeper = () -> System.out.println("beep");
    ScheduledFuture<?> beeperHandle =
      scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(beeper, 10, 10, SECONDS);
    Runnable canceller = () -> beeperHandle.cancel(false);
    scheduler.schedule(canceller, 1, HOURS);
  }
 }


Author:Doug Lea
Since:1.5
/**
 * An {@link ExecutorService} that can schedule commands to run after a given
 * delay, or to execute periodically.
 *
 * <p>The {@code schedule} methods create tasks with various delays
 * and return a task object that can be used to cancel or check
 * execution. The {@code scheduleAtFixedRate} and
 * {@code scheduleWithFixedDelay} methods create and execute tasks
 * that run periodically until cancelled.
 *
 * <p>Commands submitted using the {@link Executor#execute(Runnable)}
 * and {@link ExecutorService} {@code submit} methods are scheduled
 * with a requested delay of zero. Zero and negative delays (but not
 * periods) are also allowed in {@code schedule} methods, and are
 * treated as requests for immediate execution.
 *
 * <p>All {@code schedule} methods accept <em>relative</em> delays and
 * periods as arguments, not absolute times or dates. It is a simple
 * matter to transform an absolute time represented as a {@link
 * java.util.Date} to the required form. For example, to schedule at
 * a certain future {@code date}, you can use: {@code schedule(task,
 * date.getTime() - System.currentTimeMillis(),
 * TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)}. Beware however that expiration of a
 * relative delay need not coincide with the current {@code Date} at
 * which the task is enabled due to network time synchronization
 * protocols, clock drift, or other factors.
 *
 * <p>The {@link Executors} class provides convenient factory methods for
 * the ScheduledExecutorService implementations provided in this package.
 *
 * <h3>Usage Example</h3>
 *
 * Here is a class with a method that sets up a ScheduledExecutorService
 * to beep every ten seconds for an hour:
 *
 * <pre> {@code
 * import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.*;
 * class BeeperControl {
 *   private final ScheduledExecutorService scheduler =
 *     Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
 *
 *   public void beepForAnHour() {
 *     Runnable beeper = () -> System.out.println("beep");
 *     ScheduledFuture<?> beeperHandle =
 *       scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(beeper, 10, 10, SECONDS);
 *     Runnable canceller = () -> beeperHandle.cancel(false);
 *     scheduler.schedule(canceller, 1, HOURS);
 *   }
 * }}</pre>
 *
 * @since 1.5
 * @author Doug Lea
 */
public interface ScheduledExecutorService extends ExecutorService {

    
Submits a one-shot task that becomes enabled after the given delay.

Params:
  • command – the task to execute
  • delay – the time from now to delay execution
  • unit – the time unit of the delay parameter
Throws:
Returns:a ScheduledFuture representing pending completion of the task and whose get() method will return null upon completion
/**
     * Submits a one-shot task that becomes enabled after the given delay.
     *
     * @param command the task to execute
     * @param delay the time from now to delay execution
     * @param unit the time unit of the delay parameter
     * @return a ScheduledFuture representing pending completion of
     *         the task and whose {@code get()} method will return
     *         {@code null} upon completion
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
     *         scheduled for execution
     * @throws NullPointerException if command or unit is null
     */
    public ScheduledFuture<?> schedule(Runnable command,
                                       long delay, TimeUnit unit);

    
Submits a value-returning one-shot task that becomes enabled
after the given delay.

Params:
  • callable – the function to execute
  • delay – the time from now to delay execution
  • unit – the time unit of the delay parameter
Type parameters:
  • <V> – the type of the callable's result
Throws:
Returns:a ScheduledFuture that can be used to extract result or cancel
/**
     * Submits a value-returning one-shot task that becomes enabled
     * after the given delay.
     *
     * @param callable the function to execute
     * @param delay the time from now to delay execution
     * @param unit the time unit of the delay parameter
     * @param <V> the type of the callable's result
     * @return a ScheduledFuture that can be used to extract result or cancel
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
     *         scheduled for execution
     * @throws NullPointerException if callable or unit is null
     */
    public <V> ScheduledFuture<V> schedule(Callable<V> callable,
                                           long delay, TimeUnit unit);

    
Submits a periodic action that becomes enabled first after the given initial delay, and subsequently with the given period; that is, executions will commence after initialDelay, then initialDelay + period, then initialDelay + 2 * period, and so on. 
The sequence of task executions continues indefinitely until
one of the following exceptional completions occur:

    

  • The task is explicitly cancelled via the returned future. 
  • The executor terminates, also resulting in task cancellation.

  • An execution of the task throws an exception. In this case calling get on the returned future will throw ExecutionException, holding the exception as its cause. 
 Subsequent executions are suppressed. Subsequent calls to isDone() on the returned future will return true. 
If any execution of this task takes longer than its period, then
subsequent executions may start late, but will not concurrently
execute.

Params:
  • command – the task to execute
  • initialDelay – the time to delay first execution
  • period – the period between successive executions
  • unit – the time unit of the initialDelay and period parameters
Throws:
Returns:a ScheduledFuture representing pending completion of the series of repeated tasks. The future's get() method will never return normally, and will throw an exception upon task cancellation or abnormal termination of a task execution.
/**
     * Submits a periodic action that becomes enabled first after the
     * given initial delay, and subsequently with the given period;
     * that is, executions will commence after
     * {@code initialDelay}, then {@code initialDelay + period}, then
     * {@code initialDelay + 2 * period}, and so on.
     *
     * <p>The sequence of task executions continues indefinitely until
     * one of the following exceptional completions occur:
     * <ul>
     * <li>The task is {@linkplain Future#cancel explicitly cancelled}
     * via the returned future.
     * <li>The executor terminates, also resulting in task cancellation.
     * <li>An execution of the task throws an exception.  In this case
     * calling {@link Future#get() get} on the returned future will throw
     * {@link ExecutionException}, holding the exception as its cause.
     * </ul>
     * Subsequent executions are suppressed.  Subsequent calls to
     * {@link Future#isDone isDone()} on the returned future will
     * return {@code true}.
     *
     * <p>If any execution of this task takes longer than its period, then
     * subsequent executions may start late, but will not concurrently
     * execute.
     *
     * @param command the task to execute
     * @param initialDelay the time to delay first execution
     * @param period the period between successive executions
     * @param unit the time unit of the initialDelay and period parameters
     * @return a ScheduledFuture representing pending completion of
     *         the series of repeated tasks.  The future's {@link
     *         Future#get() get()} method will never return normally,
     *         and will throw an exception upon task cancellation or
     *         abnormal termination of a task execution.
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
     *         scheduled for execution
     * @throws NullPointerException if command or unit is null
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if period less than or equal to zero
     */
    public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable command,
                                                  long initialDelay,
                                                  long period,
                                                  TimeUnit unit);

    
Submits a periodic action that becomes enabled first after the
given initial delay, and subsequently with the given delay
between the termination of one execution and the commencement of
the next.

The sequence of task executions continues indefinitely until
one of the following exceptional completions occur:

    

  • The task is explicitly cancelled via the returned future. 
  • The executor terminates, also resulting in task cancellation.

  • An execution of the task throws an exception. In this case calling get on the returned future will throw ExecutionException, holding the exception as its cause. 
 Subsequent executions are suppressed. Subsequent calls to isDone() on the returned future will return true. 
Params:
  • command – the task to execute
  • initialDelay – the time to delay first execution
  • delay – the delay between the termination of one
execution and the commencement of the next
  • unit – the time unit of the initialDelay and delay parameters
Throws:
Returns:a ScheduledFuture representing pending completion of the series of repeated tasks. The future's get() method will never return normally, and will throw an exception upon task cancellation or abnormal termination of a task execution.
/**
     * Submits a periodic action that becomes enabled first after the
     * given initial delay, and subsequently with the given delay
     * between the termination of one execution and the commencement of
     * the next.
     *
     * <p>The sequence of task executions continues indefinitely until
     * one of the following exceptional completions occur:
     * <ul>
     * <li>The task is {@linkplain Future#cancel explicitly cancelled}
     * via the returned future.
     * <li>The executor terminates, also resulting in task cancellation.
     * <li>An execution of the task throws an exception.  In this case
     * calling {@link Future#get() get} on the returned future will throw
     * {@link ExecutionException}, holding the exception as its cause.
     * </ul>
     * Subsequent executions are suppressed.  Subsequent calls to
     * {@link Future#isDone isDone()} on the returned future will
     * return {@code true}.
     *
     * @param command the task to execute
     * @param initialDelay the time to delay first execution
     * @param delay the delay between the termination of one
     * execution and the commencement of the next
     * @param unit the time unit of the initialDelay and delay parameters
     * @return a ScheduledFuture representing pending completion of
     *         the series of repeated tasks.  The future's {@link
     *         Future#get() get()} method will never return normally,
     *         and will throw an exception upon task cancellation or
     *         abnormal termination of a task execution.
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be
     *         scheduled for execution
     * @throws NullPointerException if command or unit is null
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if delay less than or equal to zero
     */
    public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleWithFixedDelay(Runnable command,
                                                     long initialDelay,
                                                     long delay,
                                                     TimeUnit unit);

}