https://openjdk.java.net/ 
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package java.lang;

import jdk.internal.HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate;


The Short class wraps a value of primitive type 
short in an object. An object of type Short contains a single field whose type is short. 
In addition, this class provides several methods for converting a short to a String and a String to a short, as well as other constants and methods useful when dealing with a short. 
Author: Nakul Saraiya,  Joseph D. Darcy
See Also:
Since:  1.1
/**
 * The {@code Short} class wraps a value of primitive type {@code
 * short} in an object.  An object of type {@code Short} contains a
 * single field whose type is {@code short}.
 *
 * <p>In addition, this class provides several methods for converting
 * a {@code short} to a {@code String} and a {@code String} to a
 * {@code short}, as well as other constants and methods useful when
 * dealing with a {@code short}.
 *
 * @author  Nakul Saraiya
 * @author  Joseph D. Darcy
 * @see     java.lang.Number
 * @since   1.1
 */
public final class Short extends Number implements Comparable<Short> {

    
A constant holding the minimum value a short can have, -215.

/**
     * A constant holding the minimum value a {@code short} can
     * have, -2<sup>15</sup>.
     */
    public static final short   MIN_VALUE = -32768;

    
A constant holding the maximum value a short can have, 215-1.

/**
     * A constant holding the maximum value a {@code short} can
     * have, 2<sup>15</sup>-1.
     */
    public static final short   MAX_VALUE = 32767;

    
The Class instance representing the primitive type short. 
/**
     * The {@code Class} instance representing the primitive type
     * {@code short}.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static final Class<Short>    TYPE = (Class<Short>) Class.getPrimitiveClass("short");

    
Returns a new String object representing the specified short. The radix is assumed to be 10. 
Params:
  • s – the short to be converted
See Also:
Returns:the string representation of the specified short
/**
     * Returns a new {@code String} object representing the
     * specified {@code short}. The radix is assumed to be 10.
     *
     * @param s the {@code short} to be converted
     * @return the string representation of the specified {@code short}
     * @see java.lang.Integer#toString(int)
     */
    public static String toString(short s) {
        return Integer.toString((int)s, 10);
    }

    
Parses the string argument as a signed short in the radix specified by the second argument. The characters in the string must all be digits, of the specified radix (as determined by whether Character.digit(char, int) returns a nonnegative value) except that the first character may be an ASCII minus sign '-' ('\u005Cu002D') to indicate a negative value or an ASCII plus sign '+' ('\u005Cu002B') to indicate a positive value. The resulting short value is returned. 
An exception of type NumberFormatException is thrown if any of the following situations occurs: 
    

  •  The first argument is null or is a string of length zero. 
  •  The radix is either smaller than Character.MIN_RADIX or larger than Character.MAX_RADIX. 
  •  Any character of the string is not a digit of the specified radix, except that the first character may be a minus sign '-' ('\u005Cu002D') or plus sign '+' ('\u005Cu002B') provided that the string is longer than length 1. 
  •  The value represented by the string is not a value of type short. 


Params:
  • s –  the String containing the short representation to be parsed
  • radix –  the radix to be used while parsing s
Throws:
Returns: the short represented by the string argument in the specified radix.
/**
     * Parses the string argument as a signed {@code short} in the
     * radix specified by the second argument. The characters in the
     * string must all be digits, of the specified radix (as
     * determined by whether {@link java.lang.Character#digit(char,
     * int)} returns a nonnegative value) except that the first
     * character may be an ASCII minus sign {@code '-'}
     * ({@code '\u005Cu002D'}) to indicate a negative value or an
     * ASCII plus sign {@code '+'} ({@code '\u005Cu002B'}) to
     * indicate a positive value.  The resulting {@code short} value
     * is returned.
     *
     * <p>An exception of type {@code NumberFormatException} is
     * thrown if any of the following situations occurs:
     * <ul>
     * <li> The first argument is {@code null} or is a string of
     * length zero.
     *
     * <li> The radix is either smaller than {@link
     * java.lang.Character#MIN_RADIX} or larger than {@link
     * java.lang.Character#MAX_RADIX}.
     *
     * <li> Any character of the string is not a digit of the
     * specified radix, except that the first character may be a minus
     * sign {@code '-'} ({@code '\u005Cu002D'}) or plus sign
     * {@code '+'} ({@code '\u005Cu002B'}) provided that the
     * string is longer than length 1.
     *
     * <li> The value represented by the string is not a value of type
     * {@code short}.
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param s         the {@code String} containing the
     *                  {@code short} representation to be parsed
     * @param radix     the radix to be used while parsing {@code s}
     * @return          the {@code short} represented by the string
     *                  argument in the specified radix.
     * @throws          NumberFormatException If the {@code String}
     *                  does not contain a parsable {@code short}.
     */
    public static short parseShort(String s, int radix)
        throws NumberFormatException {
        int i = Integer.parseInt(s, radix);
        if (i < MIN_VALUE || i > MAX_VALUE)
            throw new NumberFormatException(
                "Value out of range. Value:\"" + s + "\" Radix:" + radix);
        return (short)i;
    }

    
Parses the string argument as a signed decimal 
short. The characters in the string must all be decimal digits, except that the first character may be an ASCII minus sign '-' ('\u005Cu002D') to indicate a negative value or an ASCII plus sign '+' ('\u005Cu002B') to indicate a positive value. The resulting short value is returned, exactly as if the argument and the radix 10 were given as arguments to the parseShort(String, int) method. 
Params:
  • s – a String containing the short representation to be parsed
Throws:
Returns: the short value represented by the argument in decimal.
/**
     * Parses the string argument as a signed decimal {@code
     * short}. The characters in the string must all be decimal
     * digits, except that the first character may be an ASCII minus
     * sign {@code '-'} ({@code '\u005Cu002D'}) to indicate a
     * negative value or an ASCII plus sign {@code '+'}
     * ({@code '\u005Cu002B'}) to indicate a positive value.  The
     * resulting {@code short} value is returned, exactly as if the
     * argument and the radix 10 were given as arguments to the {@link
     * #parseShort(java.lang.String, int)} method.
     *
     * @param s a {@code String} containing the {@code short}
     *          representation to be parsed
     * @return  the {@code short} value represented by the
     *          argument in decimal.
     * @throws  NumberFormatException If the string does not
     *          contain a parsable {@code short}.
     */
    public static short parseShort(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
        return parseShort(s, 10);
    }

    
Returns a Short object holding the value extracted from the specified String when parsed with the radix given by the second argument. The first argument is interpreted as representing a signed short in the radix specified by the second argument, exactly as if the argument were given to the parseShort(String, int) method. The result is a Short object that represents the short value specified by the string. 
In other words, this method returns a Short object equal to the value of: 
 new Short(Short.parseShort(s, radix)) 


Params:
  • s –         the string to be parsed
  • radix –  the radix to be used in interpreting s
Throws:
Returns: a Short object holding the value represented by the string argument in the specified radix.
/**
     * Returns a {@code Short} object holding the value
     * extracted from the specified {@code String} when parsed
     * with the radix given by the second argument. The first argument
     * is interpreted as representing a signed {@code short} in
     * the radix specified by the second argument, exactly as if the
     * argument were given to the {@link #parseShort(java.lang.String,
     * int)} method. The result is a {@code Short} object that
     * represents the {@code short} value specified by the string.
     *
     * <p>In other words, this method returns a {@code Short} object
     * equal to the value of:
     *
     * <blockquote>
     *  {@code new Short(Short.parseShort(s, radix))}
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * @param s         the string to be parsed
     * @param radix     the radix to be used in interpreting {@code s}
     * @return          a {@code Short} object holding the value
     *                  represented by the string argument in the
     *                  specified radix.
     * @throws          NumberFormatException If the {@code String} does
     *                  not contain a parsable {@code short}.
     */
    public static Short valueOf(String s, int radix)
        throws NumberFormatException {
        return valueOf(parseShort(s, radix));
    }

    
Returns a Short object holding the value given by the specified String. The argument is interpreted as representing a signed decimal short, exactly as if the argument were given to the parseShort(String) method. The result is a Short object that represents the short value specified by the string. 
In other words, this method returns a Short object equal to the value of: 
 new Short(Short.parseShort(s)) 


Params:
  • s – the string to be parsed
Throws:
Returns: a Short object holding the value represented by the string argument
/**
     * Returns a {@code Short} object holding the
     * value given by the specified {@code String}. The argument
     * is interpreted as representing a signed decimal
     * {@code short}, exactly as if the argument were given to
     * the {@link #parseShort(java.lang.String)} method. The result is
     * a {@code Short} object that represents the
     * {@code short} value specified by the string.
     *
     * <p>In other words, this method returns a {@code Short} object
     * equal to the value of:
     *
     * <blockquote>
     *  {@code new Short(Short.parseShort(s))}
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * @param s the string to be parsed
     * @return  a {@code Short} object holding the value
     *          represented by the string argument
     * @throws  NumberFormatException If the {@code String} does
     *          not contain a parsable {@code short}.
     */
    public static Short valueOf(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
        return valueOf(s, 10);
    }

    private static class ShortCache {
        private ShortCache(){}

        static final Short cache[] = new Short[-(-128) + 127 + 1];

        static {
            for(int i = 0; i < cache.length; i++)
                cache[i] = new Short((short)(i - 128));
        }
    }

    
Returns a Short instance representing the specified short value. If a new Short instance is not required, this method should generally be used in preference to the constructor Short(short), as this method is likely to yield significantly better space and time performance by caching frequently requested values. This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127, inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range. 
Params:
  • s – a short value.
Returns:a Short instance representing s.
Since: 1.5
/**
     * Returns a {@code Short} instance representing the specified
     * {@code short} value.
     * If a new {@code Short} instance is not required, this method
     * should generally be used in preference to the constructor
     * {@link #Short(short)}, as this method is likely to yield
     * significantly better space and time performance by caching
     * frequently requested values.
     *
     * This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
     * inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
     *
     * @param  s a short value.
     * @return a {@code Short} instance representing {@code s}.
     * @since  1.5
     */
    @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
    public static Short valueOf(short s) {
        final int offset = 128;
        int sAsInt = s;
        if (sAsInt >= -128 && sAsInt <= 127) { // must cache
            return ShortCache.cache[sAsInt + offset];
        }
        return new Short(s);
    }

    
Decodes a String into a Short. Accepts decimal, hexadecimal, and octal numbers given by the following grammar: 




DecodableString:

Signopt DecimalNumeral

Signopt 0x HexDigits

Signopt 0X HexDigits

Signopt # HexDigits

Signopt 0 OctalDigits

Sign:

- 
+ 



DecimalNumeral, HexDigits, and OctalDigits
are as defined in section 3.10.1 of
The Java™ Language Specification,
except that underscores are not accepted between digits.

The sequence of characters following an optional sign and/or radix specifier ("0x", "0X", "#", or leading zero) is parsed as by the 
Short.parseShort method with the indicated radix (10, 16, or 8). This sequence of characters must represent a positive value or a NumberFormatException will be thrown. The result is negated if first character of the specified 
String is the minus sign. No whitespace characters are permitted in the String. 
Params:
  • nm – the String to decode.
Throws:
See Also:
Returns: a Short object holding the short value represented by nm
/**
     * Decodes a {@code String} into a {@code Short}.
     * Accepts decimal, hexadecimal, and octal numbers given by
     * the following grammar:
     *
     * <blockquote>
     * <dl>
     * <dt><i>DecodableString:</i>
     * <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub> DecimalNumeral</i>
     * <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub></i> {@code 0x} <i>HexDigits</i>
     * <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub></i> {@code 0X} <i>HexDigits</i>
     * <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub></i> {@code #} <i>HexDigits</i>
     * <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub></i> {@code 0} <i>OctalDigits</i>
     *
     * <dt><i>Sign:</i>
     * <dd>{@code -}
     * <dd>{@code +}
     * </dl>
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * <i>DecimalNumeral</i>, <i>HexDigits</i>, and <i>OctalDigits</i>
     * are as defined in section 3.10.1 of
     * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>,
     * except that underscores are not accepted between digits.
     *
     * <p>The sequence of characters following an optional
     * sign and/or radix specifier ("{@code 0x}", "{@code 0X}",
     * "{@code #}", or leading zero) is parsed as by the {@code
     * Short.parseShort} method with the indicated radix (10, 16, or
     * 8).  This sequence of characters must represent a positive
     * value or a {@link NumberFormatException} will be thrown.  The
     * result is negated if first character of the specified {@code
     * String} is the minus sign.  No whitespace characters are
     * permitted in the {@code String}.
     *
     * @param     nm the {@code String} to decode.
     * @return    a {@code Short} object holding the {@code short}
     *            value represented by {@code nm}
     * @throws    NumberFormatException  if the {@code String} does not
     *            contain a parsable {@code short}.
     * @see java.lang.Short#parseShort(java.lang.String, int)
     */
    public static Short decode(String nm) throws NumberFormatException {
        int i = Integer.decode(nm);
        if (i < MIN_VALUE || i > MAX_VALUE)
            throw new NumberFormatException(
                    "Value " + i + " out of range from input " + nm);
        return valueOf((short)i);
    }

    
The value of the Short. 
@serial
/**
     * The value of the {@code Short}.
     *
     * @serial
     */
    private final short value;

    
Constructs a newly allocated Short object that represents the specified short value. 
Params:
  • value –  the value to be represented by the Short.
Deprecated: It is rarely appropriate to use this constructor. The static factory valueOf(short) is generally a better choice, as it is likely to yield significantly better space and time performance.
/**
     * Constructs a newly allocated {@code Short} object that
     * represents the specified {@code short} value.
     *
     * @param value     the value to be represented by the
     *                  {@code Short}.
     *
     * @deprecated
     * It is rarely appropriate to use this constructor. The static factory
     * {@link #valueOf(short)} is generally a better choice, as it is
     * likely to yield significantly better space and time performance.
     */
    @Deprecated(since="9")
    public Short(short value) {
        this.value = value;
    }

    
Constructs a newly allocated Short object that represents the short value indicated by the String parameter. The string is converted to a short value in exactly the manner used by the parseShort method for radix 10. 
Params:
  • s – the String to be converted to a Short
Throws:
Deprecated: It is rarely appropriate to use this constructor. Use parseShort(String) to convert a string to a short primitive, or use valueOf(String) to convert a string to a Short object.
/**
     * Constructs a newly allocated {@code Short} object that
     * represents the {@code short} value indicated by the
     * {@code String} parameter. The string is converted to a
     * {@code short} value in exactly the manner used by the
     * {@code parseShort} method for radix 10.
     *
     * @param s the {@code String} to be converted to a
     *          {@code Short}
     * @throws  NumberFormatException If the {@code String}
     *          does not contain a parsable {@code short}.
     *
     * @deprecated
     * It is rarely appropriate to use this constructor.
     * Use {@link #parseShort(String)} to convert a string to a
     * {@code short} primitive, or use {@link #valueOf(String)}
     * to convert a string to a {@code Short} object.
     */
    @Deprecated(since="9")
    public Short(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
        this.value = parseShort(s, 10);
    }

    
Returns the value of this Short as a byte after a narrowing primitive conversion. 
@jls5.1.3 Narrowing Primitive Conversions
/**
     * Returns the value of this {@code Short} as a {@code byte} after
     * a narrowing primitive conversion.
     * @jls 5.1.3 Narrowing Primitive Conversions
     */
    public byte byteValue() {
        return (byte)value;
    }

    
Returns the value of this Short as a short. 
/**
     * Returns the value of this {@code Short} as a
     * {@code short}.
     */
    @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
    public short shortValue() {
        return value;
    }

    
Returns the value of this Short as an int after a widening primitive conversion. 
@jls5.1.2 Widening Primitive Conversions
/**
     * Returns the value of this {@code Short} as an {@code int} after
     * a widening primitive conversion.
     * @jls 5.1.2 Widening Primitive Conversions
     */
    public int intValue() {
        return (int)value;
    }

    
Returns the value of this Short as a long after a widening primitive conversion. 
@jls5.1.2 Widening Primitive Conversions
/**
     * Returns the value of this {@code Short} as a {@code long} after
     * a widening primitive conversion.
     * @jls 5.1.2 Widening Primitive Conversions
     */
    public long longValue() {
        return (long)value;
    }

    
Returns the value of this Short as a float after a widening primitive conversion. 
@jls5.1.2 Widening Primitive Conversions
/**
     * Returns the value of this {@code Short} as a {@code float}
     * after a widening primitive conversion.
     * @jls 5.1.2 Widening Primitive Conversions
     */
    public float floatValue() {
        return (float)value;
    }

    
Returns the value of this Short as a double after a widening primitive conversion. 
@jls5.1.2 Widening Primitive Conversions
/**
     * Returns the value of this {@code Short} as a {@code double}
     * after a widening primitive conversion.
     * @jls 5.1.2 Widening Primitive Conversions
     */
    public double doubleValue() {
        return (double)value;
    }

    
Returns a String object representing this Short's value. The value is converted to signed decimal representation and returned as a string, exactly as if the short value were given as an argument to the toString(short) method. 
Returns: a string representation of the value of this object in
         base 10.
/**
     * Returns a {@code String} object representing this
     * {@code Short}'s value.  The value is converted to signed
     * decimal representation and returned as a string, exactly as if
     * the {@code short} value were given as an argument to the
     * {@link java.lang.Short#toString(short)} method.
     *
     * @return  a string representation of the value of this object in
     *          base&nbsp;10.
     */
    public String toString() {
        return Integer.toString((int)value);
    }

    
Returns a hash code for this Short; equal to the result of invoking intValue(). 
Returns:a hash code value for this Short
/**
     * Returns a hash code for this {@code Short}; equal to the result
     * of invoking {@code intValue()}.
     *
     * @return a hash code value for this {@code Short}
     */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Short.hashCode(value);
    }

    
Returns a hash code for a short value; compatible with Short.hashCode(). 
Params:
  • value – the value to hash
Returns:a hash code value for a short value.
Since:1.8
/**
     * Returns a hash code for a {@code short} value; compatible with
     * {@code Short.hashCode()}.
     *
     * @param value the value to hash
     * @return a hash code value for a {@code short} value.
     * @since 1.8
     */
    public static int hashCode(short value) {
        return (int)value;
    }

    
Compares this object to the specified object. The result is true if and only if the argument is not null and is a Short object that contains the same short value as this object. 
Params:
  • obj –       the object to compare with
Returns: true if the objects are the same; false otherwise.
/**
     * Compares this object to the specified object.  The result is
     * {@code true} if and only if the argument is not
     * {@code null} and is a {@code Short} object that
     * contains the same {@code short} value as this object.
     *
     * @param obj       the object to compare with
     * @return          {@code true} if the objects are the same;
     *                  {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj instanceof Short) {
            return value == ((Short)obj).shortValue();
        }
        return false;
    }

    
Compares two Short objects numerically. 
Params:
  • anotherShort –  the Short to be compared.
Returns: the value 0 if this Short is equal to the argument Short; a value less than 0 if this Short is numerically less than the argument Short; and a value greater than 0 if this Short is numerically greater than the argument Short (signed comparison).
Since:  1.2
/**
     * Compares two {@code Short} objects numerically.
     *
     * @param   anotherShort   the {@code Short} to be compared.
     * @return  the value {@code 0} if this {@code Short} is
     *          equal to the argument {@code Short}; a value less than
     *          {@code 0} if this {@code Short} is numerically less
     *          than the argument {@code Short}; and a value greater than
     *           {@code 0} if this {@code Short} is numerically
     *           greater than the argument {@code Short} (signed
     *           comparison).
     * @since   1.2
     */
    public int compareTo(Short anotherShort) {
        return compare(this.value, anotherShort.value);
    }

    
Compares two short values numerically. The value returned is identical to what would be returned by: 
   Short.valueOf(x).compareTo(Short.valueOf(y))



Params:
  • x – the first short to compare
  • y – the second short to compare
Returns:the value 0 if x == y; a value less than 0 if x < y; and a value greater than 0 if x > y
Since:1.7
/**
     * Compares two {@code short} values numerically.
     * The value returned is identical to what would be returned by:
     * <pre>
     *    Short.valueOf(x).compareTo(Short.valueOf(y))
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param  x the first {@code short} to compare
     * @param  y the second {@code short} to compare
     * @return the value {@code 0} if {@code x == y};
     *         a value less than {@code 0} if {@code x < y}; and
     *         a value greater than {@code 0} if {@code x > y}
     * @since 1.7
     */
    public static int compare(short x, short y) {
        return x - y;
    }

    
Compares two short values numerically treating the values as unsigned. 
Params:
  • x – the first short to compare
  • y – the second short to compare
Returns:the value 0 if x == y; a value less than 0 if x < y as unsigned values; and a value greater than 0 if x > y as unsigned values
Since:9
/**
     * Compares two {@code short} values numerically treating the values
     * as unsigned.
     *
     * @param  x the first {@code short} to compare
     * @param  y the second {@code short} to compare
     * @return the value {@code 0} if {@code x == y}; a value less
     *         than {@code 0} if {@code x < y} as unsigned values; and
     *         a value greater than {@code 0} if {@code x > y} as
     *         unsigned values
     * @since 9
     */
    public static int compareUnsigned(short x, short y) {
        return Short.toUnsignedInt(x) - Short.toUnsignedInt(y);
    }

    
The number of bits used to represent a short value in two's complement binary form. 
Since:1.5
/**
     * The number of bits used to represent a {@code short} value in two's
     * complement binary form.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public static final int SIZE = 16;

    
The number of bytes used to represent a short value in two's complement binary form. 
Since:1.8
/**
     * The number of bytes used to represent a {@code short} value in two's
     * complement binary form.
     *
     * @since 1.8
     */
    public static final int BYTES = SIZE / Byte.SIZE;

    
Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bytes in the two's complement representation of the specified short value. 
Params:
  • i – the value whose bytes are to be reversed
Returns:the value obtained by reversing (or, equivalently, swapping) the bytes in the specified short value.
Since:1.5
/**
     * Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bytes in the
     * two's complement representation of the specified {@code short} value.
     *
     * @param i the value whose bytes are to be reversed
     * @return the value obtained by reversing (or, equivalently, swapping)
     *     the bytes in the specified {@code short} value.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
    public static short reverseBytes(short i) {
        return (short) (((i & 0xFF00) >> 8) | (i << 8));
    }


    
Converts the argument to an int by an unsigned conversion. In an unsigned conversion to an int, the high-order 16 bits of the int are zero and the low-order 16 bits are equal to the bits of the short argument. Consequently, zero and positive short values are mapped to a numerically equal int value and negative 
short values are mapped to an int value equal to the input plus 216.

Params:
  • x – the value to convert to an unsigned int
Returns:the argument converted to int by an unsigned conversion
Since:1.8
/**
     * Converts the argument to an {@code int} by an unsigned
     * conversion.  In an unsigned conversion to an {@code int}, the
     * high-order 16 bits of the {@code int} are zero and the
     * low-order 16 bits are equal to the bits of the {@code short} argument.
     *
     * Consequently, zero and positive {@code short} values are mapped
     * to a numerically equal {@code int} value and negative {@code
     * short} values are mapped to an {@code int} value equal to the
     * input plus 2<sup>16</sup>.
     *
     * @param  x the value to convert to an unsigned {@code int}
     * @return the argument converted to {@code int} by an unsigned
     *         conversion
     * @since 1.8
     */
    public static int toUnsignedInt(short x) {
        return ((int) x) & 0xffff;
    }

    
Converts the argument to a long by an unsigned conversion. In an unsigned conversion to a long, the high-order 48 bits of the long are zero and the low-order 16 bits are equal to the bits of the short argument. Consequently, zero and positive short values are mapped to a numerically equal long value and negative 
short values are mapped to a long value equal to the input plus 216.

Params:
  • x – the value to convert to an unsigned long
Returns:the argument converted to long by an unsigned conversion
Since:1.8
/**
     * Converts the argument to a {@code long} by an unsigned
     * conversion.  In an unsigned conversion to a {@code long}, the
     * high-order 48 bits of the {@code long} are zero and the
     * low-order 16 bits are equal to the bits of the {@code short} argument.
     *
     * Consequently, zero and positive {@code short} values are mapped
     * to a numerically equal {@code long} value and negative {@code
     * short} values are mapped to a {@code long} value equal to the
     * input plus 2<sup>16</sup>.
     *
     * @param  x the value to convert to an unsigned {@code long}
     * @return the argument converted to {@code long} by an unsigned
     *         conversion
     * @since 1.8
     */
    public static long toUnsignedLong(short x) {
        return ((long) x) & 0xffffL;
    }

    
use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1. for interoperability 
/** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1. for interoperability */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7515723908773894738L;
}