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 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
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 * accompanied this code).
 *
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 *
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package java.lang;


The class Exception and its subclasses are a form of Throwable that indicates conditions that a reasonable application might want to catch. 
The class Exception and any subclasses that are not also subclasses of RuntimeException are checked
exceptions. Checked exceptions need to be declared in a method or constructor's throws clause if they can be thrown by the execution of the method or constructor and propagate outside the method or constructor boundary. 
Author: Frank Yellin
See Also:
@jls11.2 Compile-Time Checking of Exceptions
Since:  1.0
/**
 * The class {@code Exception} and its subclasses are a form of
 * {@code Throwable} that indicates conditions that a reasonable
 * application might want to catch.
 *
 * <p>The class {@code Exception} and any subclasses that are not also
 * subclasses of {@link RuntimeException} are <em>checked
 * exceptions</em>.  Checked exceptions need to be declared in a
 * method or constructor's {@code throws} clause if they can be thrown
 * by the execution of the method or constructor and propagate outside
 * the method or constructor boundary.
 *
 * @author  Frank Yellin
 * @see     java.lang.Error
 * @jls 11.2 Compile-Time Checking of Exceptions
 * @since   1.0
 */
public class Exception extends Throwable {
    static final long serialVersionUID = -3387516993124229948L;

    
Constructs a new exception with null as its detail message. The cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by a call to Throwable.initCause. 
/**
     * Constructs a new exception with {@code null} as its detail message.
     * The cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by a
     * call to {@link #initCause}.
     */
    public Exception() {
        super();
    }

    
Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message. The cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by a call to Throwable.initCause. 
Params:
  • message –  the detail message. The detail message is saved for later retrieval by the Throwable.getMessage() method.
/**
     * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message.  The
     * cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by
     * a call to {@link #initCause}.
     *
     * @param   message   the detail message. The detail message is saved for
     *          later retrieval by the {@link #getMessage()} method.
     */
    public Exception(String message) {
        super(message);
    }

    
Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message and
cause.  
Note that the detail message associated with cause is not automatically incorporated in
this exception's detail message.

Params:
  • message – the detail message (which is saved for later retrieval by the Throwable.getMessage() method).
  • cause – the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the Throwable.getCause() method). (A null value is permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
Since: 1.4
/**
     * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message and
     * cause.  <p>Note that the detail message associated with
     * {@code cause} is <i>not</i> automatically incorporated in
     * this exception's detail message.
     *
     * @param  message the detail message (which is saved for later retrieval
     *         by the {@link #getMessage()} method).
     * @param  cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
     *         {@link #getCause()} method).  (A {@code null} value is
     *         permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
     *         unknown.)
     * @since  1.4
     */
    public Exception(String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
    }

    
Constructs a new exception with the specified cause and a detail message of (cause==null ? null : cause.toString()) (which typically contains the class and detail message of cause). This constructor is useful for exceptions that are little more than wrappers for other throwables (for example, PrivilegedActionException). 
Params:
  • cause – the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the Throwable.getCause() method). (A null value is permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
Since: 1.4
/**
     * Constructs a new exception with the specified cause and a detail
     * message of {@code (cause==null ? null : cause.toString())} (which
     * typically contains the class and detail message of {@code cause}).
     * This constructor is useful for exceptions that are little more than
     * wrappers for other throwables (for example, {@link
     * java.security.PrivilegedActionException}).
     *
     * @param  cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
     *         {@link #getCause()} method).  (A {@code null} value is
     *         permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
     *         unknown.)
     * @since  1.4
     */
    public Exception(Throwable cause) {
        super(cause);
    }

    
Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message,
cause, suppression enabled or disabled, and writable stack
trace enabled or disabled.

Params:
  • message – the detail message.
  • cause – the cause. (A null value is permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
  • enableSuppression – whether or not suppression is enabled
                         or disabled
  • writableStackTrace – whether or not the stack trace should
                          be writable
Since:1.7
/**
     * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message,
     * cause, suppression enabled or disabled, and writable stack
     * trace enabled or disabled.
     *
     * @param  message the detail message.
     * @param cause the cause.  (A {@code null} value is permitted,
     * and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
     * @param enableSuppression whether or not suppression is enabled
     *                          or disabled
     * @param writableStackTrace whether or not the stack trace should
     *                           be writable
     * @since 1.7
     */
    protected Exception(String message, Throwable cause,
                        boolean enableSuppression,
                        boolean writableStackTrace) {
        super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace);
    }
}