/*
 * JBoss, Home of Professional Open Source.
 * Copyright 2014 Red Hat, Inc., and individual contributors
 * as indicated by the @author tags.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 */
package io.undertow.security.impl;

import static io.undertow.UndertowMessages.MESSAGES;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import io.undertow.UndertowLogger;
import io.undertow.UndertowMessages;
import io.undertow.security.api.AuthenticationMechanism;
import io.undertow.security.api.AuthenticationMechanismFactory;
import io.undertow.security.api.SecurityContext;
import io.undertow.security.idm.Account;
import io.undertow.security.idm.IdentityManager;
import io.undertow.security.idm.PasswordCredential;
import io.undertow.server.HttpServerExchange;
import io.undertow.server.handlers.form.FormParserFactory;
import io.undertow.util.FlexBase64;
import io.undertow.util.Headers;

import static io.undertow.util.Headers.AUTHORIZATION;
import static io.undertow.util.Headers.BASIC;
import static io.undertow.util.Headers.WWW_AUTHENTICATE;
import static io.undertow.util.StatusCodes.UNAUTHORIZED;

The authentication handler responsible for BASIC authentication as described by RFC2617
Author:
Darran Lofthouse/**
 * The authentication handler responsible for BASIC authentication as described by RFC2617
 *
 * @author <a href="mailto:darran.lofthouse@jboss.com">Darran Lofthouse</a>
 */
public class BasicAuthenticationMechanism implements AuthenticationMechanism {

    public static final AuthenticationMechanismFactory FACTORY = new Factory();

    public static final String SILENT = "silent";
    public static final String CHARSET = "charset";
    
A comma separated list of patterns and charsets. The pattern is a regular expression.
Because different browsers user different encodings this allows for the correct encoding to be selected based
on the current browser. In general though it is recommended that BASIC auth not be used when passwords contain
characters outside ASCII, as some browsers use the current locate to determine encoding.
This list must have an even number of elements, as it is interpreted as pattern,charset,pattern,charset,...
/**
     * A comma separated list of patterns and charsets. The pattern is a regular expression.
     *
     * Because different browsers user different encodings this allows for the correct encoding to be selected based
     * on the current browser. In general though it is recommended that BASIC auth not be used when passwords contain
     * characters outside ASCII, as some browsers use the current locate to determine encoding.
     *
     * This list must have an even number of elements, as it is interpreted as pattern,charset,pattern,charset,...
     */
    public static final String USER_AGENT_CHARSETS = "user-agent-charsets";

    private final String name;
    private final String challenge;

    private static final String BASIC_PREFIX = BASIC + " ";
    private static final String LOWERCASE_BASIC_PREFIX = BASIC_PREFIX.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
    private static final int PREFIX_LENGTH = BASIC_PREFIX.length();
    private static final String COLON = ":";

    
If silent is true then this mechanism will only take effect if there is an Authorization header.
This allows you to combine basic auth with form auth, so human users will use form based auth, but allows
programmatic clients to login using basic auth.
/**
     * If silent is true then this mechanism will only take effect if there is an Authorization header.
     *
     * This allows you to combine basic auth with form auth, so human users will use form based auth, but allows
     * programmatic clients to login using basic auth.
     */
    private final boolean silent;

    private final IdentityManager identityManager;

    private final Charset charset;
    private final Map<Pattern, Charset> userAgentCharsets;

    public BasicAuthenticationMechanism(final String realmName) {
        this(realmName, "BASIC");
    }

    public BasicAuthenticationMechanism(final String realmName, final String mechanismName) {
        this(realmName, mechanismName, false);
    }

    public BasicAuthenticationMechanism(final String realmName, final String mechanismName, final boolean silent) {
        this(realmName, mechanismName, silent, null);
    }
    public BasicAuthenticationMechanism(final String realmName, final String mechanismName, final boolean silent, final IdentityManager identityManager) {
        this(realmName, mechanismName, silent, identityManager, StandardCharsets.UTF_8, Collections.emptyMap());
    }

    public BasicAuthenticationMechanism(final String realmName, final String mechanismName, final boolean silent, final IdentityManager identityManager, Charset charset, Map<Pattern, Charset> userAgentCharsets) {
        this.challenge = BASIC_PREFIX + "realm=\"" + realmName + "\"";
        this.name = mechanismName;
        this.silent = silent;
        this.identityManager = identityManager;
        this.charset = charset;
        this.userAgentCharsets = Collections.unmodifiableMap(new LinkedHashMap<>(userAgentCharsets));
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    private IdentityManager getIdentityManager(SecurityContext securityContext) {
        return identityManager != null ? identityManager : securityContext.getIdentityManager();
    }

    
See Also:
handleRequest.handleRequest(HttpServerExchange)/**
     * @see io.undertow.server.HttpHandler#handleRequest(io.undertow.server.HttpServerExchange)
     */
    @Override
    public AuthenticationMechanismOutcome authenticate(HttpServerExchange exchange, SecurityContext securityContext) {

        List<String> authHeaders = exchange.getRequestHeaders().get(AUTHORIZATION);
        if (authHeaders != null) {
            for (String current : authHeaders) {
                if (current.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH).startsWith(LOWERCASE_BASIC_PREFIX)) {

                    String base64Challenge = current.substring(PREFIX_LENGTH);
                    String plainChallenge = null;
                    try {
                        ByteBuffer decode = FlexBase64.decode(base64Challenge);

                        Charset charset = this.charset;
                        if(!userAgentCharsets.isEmpty()) {
                            String ua = exchange.getRequestHeaders().getFirst(Headers.USER_AGENT);
                            if(ua != null) {
                                for (Map.Entry<Pattern, Charset> entry : userAgentCharsets.entrySet()) {
                                    if(entry.getKey().matcher(ua).find()) {
                                        charset = entry.getValue();
                                        break;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        plainChallenge = new String(decode.array(), decode.arrayOffset(), decode.limit(), charset);
                        UndertowLogger.SECURITY_LOGGER.debugf("Found basic auth header %s (decoded using charset %s) in %s", plainChallenge, charset, exchange);
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        UndertowLogger.SECURITY_LOGGER.debugf(e, "Failed to decode basic auth header %s in %s", base64Challenge, exchange);
                    }
                    int colonPos;
                    if (plainChallenge != null && (colonPos = plainChallenge.indexOf(COLON)) > -1) {
                        String userName = plainChallenge.substring(0, colonPos);
                        char[] password = plainChallenge.substring(colonPos + 1).toCharArray();

                        IdentityManager idm = getIdentityManager(securityContext);
                        PasswordCredential credential = new PasswordCredential(password);
                        try {
                            final AuthenticationMechanismOutcome result;
                            Account account = idm.verify(userName, credential);
                            if (account != null) {
                                securityContext.authenticationComplete(account, name, false);
                                result = AuthenticationMechanismOutcome.AUTHENTICATED;
                            } else {
                                securityContext.authenticationFailed(MESSAGES.authenticationFailed(userName), name);
                                result = AuthenticationMechanismOutcome.NOT_AUTHENTICATED;
                            }
                            return result;
                        } finally {
                            clear(password);
                        }
                    }

                    // By this point we had a header we should have been able to verify but for some reason
                    // it was not correctly structured.
                    return AuthenticationMechanismOutcome.NOT_AUTHENTICATED;
                }
            }
        }

        // No suitable header has been found in this request,
        return AuthenticationMechanismOutcome.NOT_ATTEMPTED;
    }

    @Override
    public ChallengeResult sendChallenge(HttpServerExchange exchange, SecurityContext securityContext) {
        if(silent) {
            //if this is silent we only send a challenge if the request contained auth headers
            //otherwise we assume another method will send the challenge
            String authHeader = exchange.getRequestHeaders().getFirst(AUTHORIZATION);
            if(authHeader == null) {
                return ChallengeResult.NOT_SENT;
            }
        }
        exchange.getResponseHeaders().add(WWW_AUTHENTICATE, challenge);
        UndertowLogger.SECURITY_LOGGER.debugf("Sending basic auth challenge %s for %s", challenge, exchange);
        return new ChallengeResult(true, UNAUTHORIZED);
    }

    private static void clear(final char[] array) {
        for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
            array[i] = 0x00;
        }
    }

    public static class Factory implements AuthenticationMechanismFactory {

        @Deprecated
        public Factory(IdentityManager identityManager) {}

        public Factory() {}

        @Override
        public AuthenticationMechanism create(String mechanismName,IdentityManager identityManager, FormParserFactory formParserFactory, Map<String, String> properties) {
            String realm = properties.get(REALM);
            String silent = properties.get(SILENT);
            String charsetString = properties.get(CHARSET);
            Charset charset = charsetString == null ? StandardCharsets.UTF_8 : Charset.forName(charsetString);
            Map<Pattern, Charset> userAgentCharsets = new HashMap<>();
            String userAgentString = properties.get(USER_AGENT_CHARSETS);
            if(userAgentString != null) {
                String[] parts = userAgentString.split(",");
                if(parts.length % 2 != 0) {
                    throw UndertowMessages.MESSAGES.userAgentCharsetMustHaveEvenNumberOfItems(userAgentString);
                }
                for(int i = 0; i < parts.length; i += 2) {
                    Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(parts[i]);
                    Charset c = Charset.forName(parts[i + 1]);
                    userAgentCharsets.put(pattern, c);
                }
            }

            return new BasicAuthenticationMechanism(realm, mechanismName, silent != null && silent.equals("true"), identityManager, charset, userAgentCharsets);
        }
    }

}